Akinori Takahashi, Katsufumi Sato, Jun Nishikawa, Yutaka Watanuki, Yasuhiko Naito
Synchronizing behavior with other conspecifics has been suggested as serving a function of increased foraging efficiency. However, the potential costs associated with synchronization of behavior have rarely been studied. Adélie penguins Pygoscelis adeliae sometimes dive synchronously in small open waters surrounded by fast sea ice. We examined the diving behavior of three couples and one trio, whi...... hiện toàn bộ