The amphibian decline crisis: A watershed for conservation biology?

Alexander, 2001, Climate variability in regions of amphibian declines, Conservation Biology, 15, 930, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.015004930.x

Alford, 1999, Global amphibian declines: a problem in applied ecology, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 30, 133, 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.30.1.133

Alford, 2001, Global amphibian population declines, Nature, 412, 499, 10.1038/35087658

Austin, 2004, Controlling for the effects of history and non-equilibrium conditions in gene flow estimates in northern bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) populations, Genetics, 168, 1491, 10.1534/genetics.104.027987

Beebee, 1992, Amphibian decline?, Nature, 355, 120, 10.1038/355120a0

Beebee, 1995, Amphibian breeding and climate, Nature, 374, 219, 10.1038/374219a0

Beebee, 2001, Application of genetic bottleneck testing to the investigation of amphibian declines: a case study with natterjack toads, Conservation Biology, 15, 266, 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2001.99438.x

Berger, 1998, Chytridiomycosis causes amphibian mortality associated with population declines in the rain forests of Australia and Central America, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 95, 9031, 10.1073/pnas.95.15.9031

Berven, 1990, Dispersal in the wood frog (Rana sylvatica): implications for genetic population structure, Evolution, 44, 2047, 10.2307/2409614

Biek, 2002, What is missing in amphibian decline research: insights from ecological sensitivity analysis, Conservation Biology, 16, 728, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00433.x

Blaustein, 2002, Complexity in conservation: lessons from the global decline of amphibian populations, Ecology Letters, 5, 597, 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2002.00352.x

Blaustein, 1990, Declining amphibian populations: a global phenomenon, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 5, 203, 10.1016/0169-5347(90)90129-2

Blaustein, 1994, Amphibian declines: judging stability, persistence, and susceptibility of populations to local and global extinctions, Conservation Biology, 8, 60, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08010060.x

Blaustein, 2003, Ultraviolet radiation, toxic chemicals and amphibian population declines, Diversity and Distributions, 9, 123, 10.1046/j.1472-4642.2003.00015.x

Blaustein, 2001, Amphibian breeding and climate change, Conservation Biology, 15, 1804, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.00307.x

Blaustein, 1994, UV repair and resistance to solar UV-B in amphibian eggs; A link to population declines?, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 91, 1791, 10.1073/pnas.91.5.1791

Boyce, 1999, Relating populations to habitats using resource selection functions, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 14, 268, 10.1016/S0169-5347(99)01593-1

Brede, 2004, Contrasting population structure in two sympatric anurans: implications for species conservation, Heredity, 92, 110, 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800391

Brede, 2000, A morphometric study of a hybrid newt population (Triturus cristatus/T. carnifex): Beam Brook Nurseries, Surrey, UK, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 70, 685, 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb00223.x

Caro, 1999, On the use of surrogate species in conservation biology, Conservation Biology, 13, 805, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.98338.x

Carey, 2003, Climate change and amphibian declines: is there a link?, Diversity and Distributions, 9, 111, 10.1046/j.1472-4642.2003.00011.x

Caughley, 1994, Directions in conservation biology, Journal of Animal Ecology, 63, 215, 10.2307/5542

Collins, 2003, Global amphibian declines: sorting the hypotheses, Diversity and Distributions, 9, 89, 10.1046/j.1472-4642.2003.00012.x

Cornuet, 1996, Description and power analysis of two tests for detecting recent population bottlenecks from allele frequency data, Genetics, 144, 2001, 10.1093/genetics/144.4.2001

Cummins, 2002, Testing for the effects of UV-B radiation on anti-predator behavior in amphibians: a critique and some suggestions, Ethology, 108, 643, 10.1046/j.1439-0310.2002.00811.x

Cunningham, 1996, Pathological and microbiological findings from incidents of unusual mortality of the common frog (Rana temporaria), Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 351, 1539, 10.1098/rstb.1996.0140

Daszak, 2003, Infectious disease and amphibian population declines, Diversity and Distributions, 9, 141, 10.1046/j.1472-4642.2003.00016.x

Davidson, 2004, Declining downwind: amphibian population declines in California and historical pesticide use, Ecological Applications, 14, 1892, 10.1890/03-5224

Davidson, 2002, Spatial tests of the pesticide drift, habitat destruction, UV-B, and climate change hypotheses for California amphibian declines, Conservation Biology, 16, 1588, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.01030.x

Denton, 1993, Reproductive strategies in a female-biased population of natterjack toads (Bufo calamita), Animal Behaviour, 46, 1169, 10.1006/anbe.1993.1306

Denton, 1997, A recovery program for the natterjack toad (Bufo calamita) in Britain, Conservation Biology, 11, 1329, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.96318.x

Driscoll, 1999, Genetic neighbourhood and effective population size for two endangered frogs, Biological Conservation, 88, 221, 10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00099-8

Esteal, 1986, The ecological genetics of introduced populations of the giant toad, Bufo marinus (Amphibia: Anura): dispersal and neighbourhood size, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 27, 17, 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1986.tb01724.x

Findlay, 2000, Response time of wetland biodiversity to road construction on adjacent lands, Conservation Biology, 14, 86, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99086.x

Frankham, 1995, Effective population size/adult population size ratios in wildlife: a review, Genetical Research, 66, 95, 10.1017/S0016672300034455

Fuller, 1995, Population declines and range contractions among lowland farmland birds in Britain, Conservation Biology, 9, 1425, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.09061425.x

Funk, 1999, Small effective population size in the long-toed salamander, Molecular Ecology, 8, 1633, 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00748.x

Gibbs, 2001, Climate warming and calling phenology of frogs near Ithaca, New York, 1900–1999, Conservation Biology, 15, 1175, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.0150041175.x

Green, 2003, The ecology of extinction: population fluctuation and decline in amphibians, Biological Conservation, 111, 331, 10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00302-6

Griffiths, R.A., Raper, S.J., 1994. A review of current techniques for sampling amphibian communities. JNCC Report No. 210. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, UK.

Griffiths, 2000, Modelling population dynamics of great crested newts (Triturus cristatus): a population viability analysis, Herpetological Journal, 10, 157

Hall, 1992, Assessing the effects of pesticides on amphibians and reptiles: status and needs, Herpetological Journal, 2, 65

Hayes, 2002, Hermaphroditic, demasculinised frogs after exposure to the herbicide atrazine at low ecologically relevant doses, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 99, 5476, 10.1073/pnas.082121499

Hayes, 2002, Feminization of male frogs in the wild, Nature, 419, 895, 10.1038/419895a

Hecnar, 1997, Spatial scale and determination of species status of the green frog, Conservation Biology, 11, 670, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.96096.x

Hels, 2001, The effect of road kills on amphibian populations, Biological Conservation, 99, 331, 10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00215-9

Heyer, 2003, Ultraviolet-B and amphibia, Bioscience, 53, 540, 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0540:UAA]2.0.CO;2

Honegger, 1981, List of amphibians and reptiles known or thought to have become extinct since 1600, Biological Conservation, 19, 141, 10.1016/0006-3207(81)90049-5

Houlahan, 2003, The effects of adjacent land use on wetland amphibian species richness and community composition, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 60, 1078, 10.1139/f03-095

Houlahan, 2000, Quantitative evidence for global amphibian population declines, Nature, 404, 752, 10.1038/35008052

Jancovich, 1997, Isolation of a lethal virus from the endangered tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 31, 161, 10.3354/dao031161

Jancovich, 2001, Transmission of the Ambystoma tigrinum virus to alternate hosts, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 46, 159, 10.3354/dao046159

Johnson, 2004, Parasites in the food web: linking amphibian malformations and aquatic eutrophication, Ecology Letters, 7, 521, 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00610.x

Kati, 2004, Testing the value of six taxonomic groups as biodiversity indicators at a local scale, Conservation Biology, 18, 667, 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00465.x

Kats, 2003, Alien predators and amphibian declines: review of two decades of science and the transition to conservation, Diversity and Distributions, 9, 99, 10.1046/j.1472-4642.2003.00013.x

Kats, 2000, Effects of UV-B radiation on anti-predator behavior in three species of amphibians, Ethology, 106, 921, 10.1046/j.1439-0310.2000.00608.x

Kats, 2002, Effects of UV-B radiation on anti-predator behaviour in amphibians: reply to Cummins, Ethology, 108, 649, 10.1046/j.1439-0310.2002.00810.x

Kiesecker, 2002, Synergism between trematode infection and pesticide exposure: a link to amphibian limb deformities in nature?, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 99, 9900, 10.1073/pnas.152098899

Kiesecker, 1995, Synergism between UV-B radiation and a pathogen magnifies amphibian embryo mortality in nature, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 92, 11049, 10.1073/pnas.92.24.11049

Kiesecker, 2001, Complex causes of amphibian decline, Nature, 410, 681, 10.1038/35070552

Knapp, 2000, Non-native fish introductions and the decline of the mountain yellow-legged frog from within protected areas, Conservation Biology, 14, 428, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99099.x

Kolozsvary, 1999, Habitat fragmentation and the distribution of amphibians: patch and landscape correlates in farmland, Canadian Journal of Zoology, 77, 1288, 10.1139/z99-102

Landres, 1988, Ecological uses of vertebrate indicator species: a critique, Conservation Biology, 2, 316, 10.1111/j.1523-1739.1988.tb00195.x

Lane, 2001, Status and extinction probabilities of great bustard (Otis tarda) leks in Andalucia, southern Spain, Biodiversity and Conservation, 10, 893, 10.1023/A:1016632411825

Lawler, 2003, Rare species and the use of indicator groups for conservation planning, Conservation biology, 17, 875, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01638.x

Lips, 1998, Decline of a tropical montane amphibian fauna, Conservation Biology, 12, 106, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.96359.x

Lips, 1999, Mass mortality and population declines of anurans at an upland site in western Panama, Conservation Biology, 13, 117, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.97185.x

Lips, 2003, Ecological traits predicting amphibian population declines in Central America, Conservation Biology, 17, 1078, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01623.x

McGeoch, 1998, Scaling up the value of bioindicators, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 13, 46, 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01279-2

Merrell, 1968, A comparison of the estimated and the “effective” size of breeding populations of the leopard frog Rana pipiens, Evolution, 22, 274, 10.2307/2406526

Meyer, 1998, Analysis of three amphibian populations with quarter-century long time-series, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 265, 523, 10.1098/rspb.1998.0326

Middleton, 2001, Evaluating ultraviolet radiation exposure with satellite data at sites of amphibian declines in Central and South America, Conservation Biology, 15, 914, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.015004914.x

Moore, 1967, Pesticides and birds: a review of the situation in Great Britain to 1965, Bird Study, 12, 222, 10.1080/00063656509476102

Morehouse, 2003, Multilocus sequence typing suggests the chytrid pathogen of amphibians is a recently emerged clone, Molecular Ecology, 12, 395, 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01732.x

Morrison, 2003, Geographical variation in life-history characteristics of amphibians: a review, Journal of Animal Ecology, 72, 270, 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00696.x

Norris, 2004, Managing threatened species: the ecological toolbox, evolutionary theory and declining-population paradigm, Journal of Applied Ecology, 41, 413, 10.1111/j.0021-8901.2004.00910.x

Noss, 1990, Indicators for monitoring biodiversity: a hierarchal approach, Conservation Biology, 4, 355, 10.1111/j.1523-1739.1990.tb00309.x

Pahkala, 2003, Effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on common frog Rana temporaria embryos along a latitudinal gradient, Oecologia, 133, 458, 10.1007/s00442-002-1058-6

Parmesan, 2003, A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems, Nature, 421, 37, 10.1038/nature01286

Paul, 2003, Ecological roles of solar UV radiation: towards an integrated approach, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 18, 48, 10.1016/S0169-5347(02)00014-9

Pechmann, 1991, Declining amphibian populations: the problem of separating human impacts from natural fluctuations, Science, 253, 892, 10.1126/science.253.5022.892

Pellet, 2005, Monitoring distribution using call surveys: estimating site occupancy, detection probabilities and inferring absence, Biological Conservation, 123, 27, 10.1016/j.biocon.2004.10.005

Petranka, 2004, Identifying the minimal demographic unit for monitoring pond-breeding amphibians, Ecological Applications, 14, 1065, 10.1890/02-5394

Pounds, 1997, Tests of null models for amphibian declines on a tropical mountain, Conservation Biology, 11, 1307, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.95485.x

Pounds, 1999, Biological response to climate change on a tropical mountain, Nature, 398, 611, 10.1038/19297

Ratcliffe, 1970, Changes attributable to pesticides in egg breaking and eggshell thickness in some British birds, Journal of Applied Ecology, 7, 67, 10.2307/2401613

Ray, 2002, Modelling spatial distribution of amphibian populations: a GIS approach based on habitat matrix permeability, Biodiversity and Conservation, 11, 2143, 10.1023/A:1021390527698

Reading, 1998, The effect of winter temperatures on the timing of breeding activity in the common toad, Oecologia, 117, 469, 10.1007/s004420050682

Retallick, 2004, Endemic infection of the amphibian chytrid fungus in a frog community post-decline, PLOS Biology, 2, 1965, 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020351

Robinson, 2003, Susceptibility of frog (Rana temporaria) and toad (Bufo bufo) eggs to invasion by Saprolegnia, Amphibia–Reptilia, 24, 261, 10.1163/156853803322440745

Rowe, 2003, Population on the verge of a mutational meltdown? Fitness costs of genetic load for an amphibian in the wild?, Evolution, 57, 177, 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00228.x

Royle, 2004, Modelling abundance index data from anuran calling surveys, Conservation Biology, 18, 1378, 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00147.x

Schmidt, 2004, Declining amphibian populations: the pitfalls of count data in the study of diversity, distributions, dynamics and demography, Herpetological Journal, 14, 167

Schmidt, 2004, Pesticides, mortality and population growth rate, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 19, 459, 10.1016/j.tree.2004.06.006

Sih, 2004, Two stressors are far deadlier than one, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 19, 274, 10.1016/j.tree.2004.02.010

Sih, 2004, Response to Schmidt. Pesticides, mortality and population growth rate, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 19, 460, 10.1016/j.tree.2004.06.011

Simberloff, 1998, Flagships, umbrellas, and keystones: is single-species management passé in the landscape era, Biological Conservation, 83, 247, 10.1016/S0006-3207(97)00081-5

Skelly, 2003, Estimating decline and distributional change in amphibians, Conservation Biology, 17, 744, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.02009.x

Smith, 1993, How much do we know about the current extinction rate?, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 8, 375, 10.1016/0169-5347(93)90223-C

Soulé, M.E., 1986. Conservation Biology. In: The Science of Scarcity and Diversity. Sinauer, New York, USA.

Storfer, 2003, Amphibian declines: future directions, Diversity and Distributions, 9, 151, 10.1046/j.1472-4642.2003.00014.x

Stuart, 2004, Status and trends of amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide, Science, 306, 1783, 10.1126/science.1103538

Vertucci, 1997, Evaluation of episodic acidification and amphibian declines in the Rocky Mountains, Ecological Applications, 6, 449, 10.2307/2269382

Vitt, 1990, Amphibians as harbingers of decay, BioScience, 40, 418, 10.1093/bioscience/40.6.418

Vonesh, 2002, Complex life cycles and density dependence: assessing the contribution of egg mortality to amphibian declines, Oecologia, 133, 325, 10.1007/s00442-002-1039-9

Vorburger, 2003, A genetic mechanism of species replacement in European water frogs, Conservation Genetics, 4, 141, 10.1023/A:1023346824722

Vredenberg, 2004, Reversing introduced species effects: experimental removal of introduced fish leads to rapid recovery of a declining frog, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 101, 7646, 10.1073/pnas.0402321101

Wake, 1991, Declining amphibian populations, Science, 253, 860, 10.1126/science.253.5022.860

Wake, 1998, Action on amphibians, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 13, 379, 10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01428-1

Walther, 2002, Ecological responses to recent climate change, Nature, 416, 389, 10.1038/416389a

Wang, 2003, Estimating effective population size and migration rate from genetic samples over space and time, Genetics, 163, 429, 10.1093/genetics/163.1.429

Waples, 1989, A generalised approach for estimating effective population size from temporal changes in allele frequency, Genetics, 121, 379, 10.1093/genetics/121.2.379

Williams, 1994, Measuring more of biodiversity: can higher-taxon richness predict wholesale species richness, Biological Conservation, 67, 211, 10.1016/0006-3207(94)90612-2

Wyman, 1990, What’s happening to the amphibians?, Conservation Biology, 4, 350, 10.1111/j.1523-1739.1990.tb00307.x

Zhang, 1999, Study on fish and amphibian embryo–larval toxicity test, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 55, 363, 10.1023/A:1005906214267