Status and extinction probabilities of great bustard (Otis tarda) leks in Andalucía, southern Spain

Biodiversity and Conservation - Tập 10 Số 6 - Trang 893-910 - 2001
Lane, Simon J.1, Alonso, J. Carlos1
1Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain

Tóm tắt

Great bustards (Otis tarda) commonly occur in isolated populations consisting of only a few tens of individuals. Knowing where these are, and understanding the factors affecting their persistence, is necessary to save this declining species. A census (Spring 1999) was therefore made of possible great bustard lek sites in Andalucía, southern Spain. Forty-six males and 79 females were observed and a total of 180 conservatively estimated for the areas we visited. These were distributed among five, possibly six, leks, but most (66–72%) were recorded at only two localities. Through interviews with local people we established that at least two, possibly three, leks had become extinct within the last two decades, and also learned of another lek of 50–70 birds in the north of the region. The precarious status of the four largest visited leks was demonstrated through computer simulation (VORTEX). This showed that under status quo conditions their likelihood of extinction within 100 years is 85–99%. Further simulations demonstrated the disastrous consequences of poaching with extinction probabilities of 95% reached in 8–70 years. However when a hypothetical management scheme was modelled the results were encouraging. In these simulations the number of chicks per female per year was increased from 0.14 to 0.18 and annual mortality of females was reduced from 7.5 to 5%. This resulted in extinction probabilities of only 20% within 100 years at the larger leks. Simple, practical conservation actions to enhance annual recruitment and increase female survival are suggested.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

citation_title=Avifauna del sur de Cádiz; citation_publication_date=1985; citation_id=CR1; citation_author=JA Alonso; citation_publisher=Universidad Complutense

Alonso JC andAlonso JA (eds) (1990)Parametros demograficos, seleccion de habitat y distribucion de la avutarda (Otis tarda) en tres regiones Españolas. Coleccion Técnica, ICONA, Madrid

citation_journal_title=Biological Conservation; citation_title=The great bustard Otis tarda in Spain: present status, recent trends and an evaluation of earlier censuses; citation_author=JC Alonso, JA Alonso; citation_volume=77; citation_publication_date=1996; citation_pages=79-86; citation_id=CR3

citation_journal_title=Biological Conservation; citation_title=Mitigation of bird collisions with transmission lines through groundwire marking; citation_author=JC Alonso, JA Alonso, R Muñoz-Pulido; citation_volume=67; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_pages=129-134; citation_id=CR4

citation_journal_title=Ardeola; citation_title=Range and patterns of great bustard movements at Villafáfila, NW Spain; citation_author=JC Alonso, JA Alonso, E Martín, M Morales; citation_volume=42; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_pages=69-76; citation_id=CR5

citation_title=Seasonal and interannual population dynamics of the great bustard at villafáfila reserve, NW Spain; citation_inbook_title=Conservación de las Aves Esteparias y su Hábitat; citation_publication_date=1996; citation_pages=191-200; citation_id=CR6; citation_author=JC Alonso; citation_author=JA Alonso; citation_author=MB Morales; citation_author=E Martín; citation_publisher=Junta de Castilla y León

citation_journal_title=Condor; citation_title=Partial migration, and lek and nesting area fidelity in female great bustards; citation_author=JC Alonso, MB Morales, JA Alonso; citation_volume=103; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=127-136; citation_id=CR7

citation_journal_title=Oryx; citation_title=Great bustards in Morocco: status in spring 1999 and evidence of a decline in recent decades; citation_author=JC Alonso, SJ Lane, R Dawson, Y Idaghdour; citation_volume=34; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=141-146; citation_id=CR8

citation_title=Birds to watch 2. The world list of threatened birds; citation_inbook_title=Birdlife conservation series; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_id=CR9; citation_author=NJ Collar; citation_author=MJ Crosby; citation_author=AJ Stattersfield; citation_publisher=Birdlife International

Domínguez L andVigal C (1982)Sobre la situacíon actual de la avutarda (Otis tarda) en la provincia de Madrid. In Proceedings of the II Reuníon Iberoamericana de Zoología de Vertebrados, pp 153-157, Cáceres

Estudios Territoriales Integrados SL (1994)Base de información cartográfica y biológica sobre especies de aves eteparias de interés especial. Comunidad de Castilla-La Mancha Unpublished report

Estudios Territoriales Integrados SL (1999)Censo y seguimiento de las poblaciones de avutarda en Castilla y León. Junta de Castilla y León Unpublished report

citation_journal_title=Aquila; citation_title=Clutch size of the great bustard (Otis tarda) in Hungary; citation_author=S Faragó; citation_volume=99; citation_publication_date=1992; citation_pages=69-84; citation_id=CR13

citation_journal_title=Folia Zool; citation_title=Development of great bustard populations in Hungary in the period 1987-1990; citation_author=S Faragó; citation_volume=42; citation_publication_date=1993; citation_pages=221-236; citation_id=CR14

Faragó S (1996)Lage des Grosstrappenbestandes in Ungarn und Ursachen für den bestandsrückgang. In: International Workshop 'Conservation and Management of the Great Bustard in Europe', pp 12-17. Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege in Brandenburg

citation_title=Aves de los Marismas del Odiel y su entorno; citation_publication_date=1996; citation_id=CR16; citation_author=H Garrido; citation_publisher=Editorial Rueda

citation_title=Die Grosstrappe ( L.); citation_publication_date=1959; citation_id=CR17; citation_author=W Gewalt; citation_publisher=A. Ziemsen Verlag

Hellmich J (1999) The great bustard Otis tarda L. in Morocco. Report to the International Foundation for Conservation and Development of Wildlife, Inezgane, Morocco

Inés H,Segovia C andAlés EE (1995)Avutardas (Monografia 20 May 1995). Asociación para la supervivencia de la naturaleza y el medio ambiente, Sevilla, Spain

citation_title=Provisional results on the distribution and the situation of the great bustard () in Sevilla Province; citation_inbook_title=Conservacion de las Aves Esteparias y su Hábitat; citation_publication_date=1996; citation_pages=81-84; citation_id=CR20; citation_author=H Inés; citation_author=C Segovia; citation_author=EE Alés; citation_publisher=Junta de Castilla y Léon

citation_title=Action plan for the great bustard in Europe; citation_inbook_title=Globally threatened birds in Europe. Action Plans; citation_publication_date=1996; citation_pages=245-260; citation_id=CR21; citation_author=HP Kollar; citation_publisher=Council of Europe Publishing

citation_journal_title=Wildlife Research; citation_title=VORTEX: a computer simulation model for population viability analysis; citation_author=RC Lacy; citation_volume=20; citation_publication_date=1993; citation_pages=45-65; citation_id=CR22

citation_title=VORTEX: a Stochastic Simulation of the Extinction Process. Version 7 User' manual; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_id=CR23; citation_author=RC Lacy; citation_author=KA Hughes; citation_author=PS Miller; citation_publisher=IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group

citation_journal_title=Journal of Zoology; citation_title=Seasonal changes in diet and diet selection of great bustards (Otis t. tarda) in north-west Spain; citation_author=SJ Lane, JC Alonso, JA Alonso, MA Naveso; citation_volume=247; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_pages=201-214; citation_id=CR24

citation_journal_title=Journal of Applied Ecology; citation_title=Habitat preferences of great bustard Otis tarda flocks in the arable steppes of central Spain: are potentially suitable areas unoccupied?; citation_author=SJ Lane, JC Alonso, CA Martín; citation_volume=38; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=193-203; citation_id=CR25

citation_journal_title=Vogelwelt; citation_title= DeZur Situation der Grosstrappe Otis tarda in Deutschland; citation_author=B Litzbarski, H Litzbarski; citation_volume=117; citation_publication_date=1996; citation_pages=213-224; citation_id=CR26

citation_title=Ecología reproductiva y movimientos estacionales en la avutarda (); citation_publication_date=1999; citation_id=CR27; citation_author=MB Morales; citation_publisher=Universidad Complutense

citation_journal_title=Auk; citation_title=Migration patterns in male great bustards Otis tarda in Spain; citation_author=MB Morales, JC Alonso, JA Alonso, E Martín; citation_volume=117; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=493-498; citation_id=CR28

Nicolai B (1993)Atlas der Brutvögel Ostdeutschlands. Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena, Stuttgart

citation_journal_title=Avocetta; citation_title=Situation of great bustards in Cordoba; citation_author=A Redondo, F Tortosa; citation_volume=18; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_pages=81-84; citation_id=CR30

citation_journal_title=Ecología; citation_title=El censo de avutardas (Otis tarda) en Extremadura durante 1987-1988; citation_author=A Sánchez, E del Arco, C Barrutia, LC Martínez, J Biesla; citation_volume=3; citation_publication_date=1989; citation_pages=299-304; citation_id=CR31

citation_title=Censos de avutardas () en Extremadura durante 1981-1994; citation_inbook_title=XII Jornadas Ornitológicas Españolas; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_id=CR32; citation_author=A Sánchez; citation_author=E del Arco; citation_author=C Barrutia; citation_author=LC Martínez; citation_author=J Biesla; citation_publisher=Soc. Esp. Ornitología

citation_title=Areas importantes para las aves en España; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_id=CR33; citation_author=C Viada; citation_publisher=Sociedad Española de Ornitología/Birdlife

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Biodiversity and Conservation

Tập 10 Số 6

893-910

Thông tin tác giả