Declining Amphibian Populations: The Problem of Separating Human Impacts from Natural Fluctuations

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) - Tập 253 Số 5022 - Trang 892-895 - 1991
Joseph H. K. Pechmann1, David E. Scott2, Raymond D. Semlitsch3, Janalee P. Caldwell4, Laurie J. Vitt4, J. Whitfield Gibbons2
1Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, and Department of Zoology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27706
2Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University ofGeorgia, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802
3Zoologisches Institut der Universität Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zürich Switzerland
4Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Department of Zoology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019

Tóm tắt

Reports of declining amphibian populations in many parts of the world are numerous, but supporting long-term census data are generally unavailable. Census data from 1979 to 1990 for three salamander species and one frog species at a breeding pond in South Carolina showed fluctuations of substantial magnitude in both the size of breeding populations and in recruitment of juveniles. Breeding population sizes exhibited no overall trend in three species and increased in the fourth. Recent droughts account satisfactorily for an increase in recruitment failures. These data illustrate that to distinguish between natural population fluctuations and declines with anthropogenic causes may require long-term studies.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

BARINAGA, M, WHERE HAVE ALL THE FROGGIES GONE, SCIENCE 247: 1033 (1990).

BERVEN, K.A., FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION FLUCTUATIONS IN LARVAL AND ADULT STAGES OF THE WOOD FROG (RANA-SYLVATICA), ECOLOGY 71: 1599 (1990).

BLAUSTEIN, A.R., DECLINING AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS - A GLOBAL PHENOMENON, TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION 5: 203 (1990).

CALDWELL, J.P., DEMOGRAPHY AND LIFE-HISTORY OF 2 SPECIES OF CHORUS FROGS (ANURA, HYLIDAE) IN SOUTH-CAROLINA, COPEIA: 114 (1987).

GIBBONS, J.W., BRIMLEYANA 7: 1 (1981).

Gill, D. E., Population Biology: 1 (1983).

HAIRSTON, N.G., SPECIES PACKING IN DESMOGNATHUS-SALAMANDERS - EXPERIMENTAL DEMONSTRATION OF PREDATION AND COMPETITION, AMERICAN NATURALIST 127: 266 (1986).

Hairston N. G. Community Ecology and Salamander Guilds (1987).

HANSKI, I, METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS - BRIEF-HISTORY AND CONCEPTUAL DOMAIN, BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY 42: 3 (1991).

HARTE, J, POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION ON A ROCKY-MOUNTAIN POPULATION OF THE TIGER SALAMANDER AMBYSTOMA-TIGRINUM, CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 3: 149 (1989).

HEYER, W.R., BIOTROPICA 7: 100 (1975).

MAGHSOODLOO, S, J STATIST COMPUT SIM 4: 155 (1975).

10.1126/science.186.4164.645

MORIN, P.J., PREDATION, COMPETITION, AND THE COMPOSITION OF LARVAL ANURAN GUILDS, ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS 53: 119 (1983).

NEWMAN, M.C., THE WATER CHEMISTRY OF CAROLINA BAYS - A REGIONAL SURVEY, ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLOGIE 118: 147 (1990).

NEWMAN M.C. COMMUNICATION.

NEWMAN, R.A., DEVELOPMENTAL PLASTICITY OF SCAPHIOPUS-COUCHII TADPOLES IN AN UNPREDICTABLE ENVIRONMENT, ECOLOGY 70: 1775 (1989).

PECHMANN, J. H. K., DIEL ACTIVITY PATTERNS IN THE BREEDING MIGRATIONS OF WINTER-BREEDING ANURANS, CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE 64: 1116 (1986).

PECHMANN J. H. K. unpublished data.

PECHMANN, J. H. K., WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT 1: 3 (1989).

PETRANKA, J.W., ENVIRONMENTAL INSTABILITY, COMPETITION, AND DENSITY-DEPENDENT GROWTH AND SURVIVORSHIP OF A STREAM-DWELLING SALAMANDER, ECOLOGY 67: 729 (1986).

PETRANKA, J.W., DENSITY-DEPENDENT GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF LARVAL AMBYSTOMA - EVIDENCE FROM WHOLE-POND MANIPULATIONS, ECOLOGY 70: 1752 (1989).

ROSS, T.E., JOURNAL OF THE ELISHA MITCHELL SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY 103: 28 (1987).

Schalles J. F. Carolina Bays of the Savannah River Plant (1989).

SCOTT, D.E., EFFECTS OF LARVAL DENSITY IN AMBYSTOMA-OPACUM - AN EXPERIMENT IN LARGE-SCALE FIELD ENCLOSURES, ECOLOGY 71: 296 (1990).

SEMLITSCH, R.D., TERRESTRIAL ACTIVITY AND SUMMER HOME RANGE OF THE MOLE SALAMANDER (AMBYSTOMA-TALPOIDEUM), CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE 59: 315 (1981).

SEMLITSCH, R.D., STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF 2 BREEDING POPULATIONS OF THE EASTERN TIGER SALAMANDER, AMBYSTOMA-TIGRINUM, COPEIA: 608 (1983).

SEMLITSCH, R.D., DIEL PATTERN OF MIGRATORY ACTIVITY FOR SEVERAL SPECIES OF POND-BREEDING SALAMANDERS, COPEIA: 86 (1985).

SEMLITSCH, R.D., ANALYSIS OF CLIMATIC FACTORS INFLUENCING MIGRATIONS OF THE SALAMANDER AMBYSTOMA-TALPOIDEUM, COPEIA: 477 (1985).

SEMLITSCH R.D. COPEIA 61 (1987).

SEMLITSCH, R.D., TIME AND SIZE AT METAMORPHOSIS RELATED TO ADULT FITNESS IN AMBYSTOMA-TALPOIDEUM, ECOLOGY 69: 184 (1988).

SEMLITSCH, R. D., Terrestrial Movements of an Eastern Tiger Salamander, Ambystoma Tigrinum, HERPETOLOGICAL REVIEW 14: 112 (1983).

Sharitz R. R. The Ecology of Southeastern Shrub Bogs (Pocosins) and Carolina Bays: A Community Profile (1982).

SJOGREN, P, EXTINCTION AND ISOLATION GRADIENTS IN METAPOPULATIONS - THE CASE OF THE POOL FROG (RANA-LESSONAE), BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY 42: 135 (1991).

SMITH, D.C., FACTORS CONTROLLING TADPOLE POPULATIONS OF THE CHORUS FROG (PSEUDACRIS-TRISERIATA) ON ISLE ROYALE, MICHIGAN, ECOLOGY 64: 501 (1983).

STEINWASCHER, K, HOST-PARASITE INTERACTION AS A POTENTIAL POPULATION-REGULATING MECHANISM, ECOLOGY 60: 884 (1979).

Wake D. B. Declining amphibian populations-a global phenomenon? (1990).

WALLS, S.C., AGGRESSION AND EXPLOITATION AS MECHANISMS OF COMPETITION IN LARVAL SALAMANDERS, CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE 65: 2938 (1987).

White, R. M., Scientific American 263:36 (1990).

WILBUR, H.M., COMPLEX LIFE-CYCLES, ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY AND SYSTEMATICS 11: 67 (1980).

WILBUR, H.M., COMPETITION, PREDATION, AND STRUCTURE OF AMBYSTOMA-RANA-SYLVATICA COMMUNITY, ECOLOGY 53: 3 (1972).

WILBUR, H.M., SALAMANDER PREDATION AND THE STRUCTURE OF EXPERIMENTAL COMMUNITIES - ANURAN RESPONSES, ECOLOGY 64: 1423 (1983).

WILBUR, H.M., REGULATION OF STRUCTURE IN COMPLEX-SYSTEMS - EXPERIMENTAL TEMPORARY POND COMMUNITIES, ECOLOGY 68: 1437 (1987).

10.1126/science.182.4119.1305

WILBUR, H.M., COPING WITH CHAOS - TOADS IN EPHEMERAL PONDS, TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION 5: 37 (1990).

WILLIAMS P.K. THESIS INDIANA U BLO (1973).

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Tập 253 Số 5022

892-895

Thông tin tác giả