The anatomy of language: contributions from functional neuroimaging Tập 197 Số 3 - Trang 335-359 - 2000
Cathy J. Price
This article illustrates how functional neuroimaging can be used to test the
validity of neurological and cognitive models of language. Three models of
language are described: the 19th Century neurological model which describes both
the anatomy and cognitive components of auditory and visual word processing, and
2 20th Century cognitive models that are not constrained by anatomy but
emphasise 2 di... hiện toàn bộ
Astrocyte–endothelial interactions and blood–brain barrier permeability* Tập 200 Số 6 - Trang 629-638 - 2002
N. Joan Abbott
AbstractThe blood–brain barrier (BBB) is formed by brain endothelial cells
lining the cerebral microvasculature, and is an important mechanism for
protecting the brain from fluctuations in plasma composition, and from
circulating agents such as neurotransmitters and xenobiotics capable of
disturbing neural function. The barrier also plays an important role in the
homeostatic regulation of the brai... hiện toàn bộ
Structure and functions of keratin proteins in simple, stratified, keratinized and cornified epithelia Tập 214 Số 4 - Trang 516-559 - 2009
H. Bragulla, Dominique G. Homberger
AbstractHistorically, the term ‘keratin’ stood for all of the proteins extracted
from skin modifications, such as horns, claws and hooves. Subsequently, it was
realized that this keratin is actually a mixture of keratins, keratin
filament‐associated proteins and other proteins, such as enzymes. Keratins were
then defined as certain filament‐forming proteins with specific physicochemical
properties... hiện toàn bộ
Tissue engineering: strategies, stem cells and scaffolds Tập 213 Số 1 - Trang 66-72 - 2008
Daniel J. Howard, Lee Buttery, Kevin M. Shakesheff, Scott J. Roberts
AbstractTissue engineering scaffolds are designed to influence the physical,
chemical and biological environment surrounding a cell population. In this
review we focus on our own work and introduce a range of strategies and
materials used for tissue engineering, including the sources of cells suitable
for tissue engineering: embryonic stem cells, bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal
stem cells and cord... hiện toàn bộ
Surface antigens of human embryonic stem cells: changes upon differentiation in culture* Tập 200 Số 3 - Trang 249-258 - 2002
Jonathan S. Draper, Christine Pigott, James A. Thomson, Peter W. Andrews
AbstractWe have analysed the surface antigen phenotype of a human embryonic stem
(hES) cell line (H7) and the changes that occur upon differentiation induced by
retinoic acid, hexamethylene bisacetamide and dimethylsulphoxide. The
undifferentiated stem cells expressed Stage Specific Embryonic Antigen‐3
(SSEA3), SSEA4, TRA‐1‐60, and TRA‐1‐8 but not SSEA1. In these characteristics
they closely resem... hiện toàn bộ
Diffusible iodine‐based contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (diceCT): an emerging tool for rapid, high‐resolution, 3‐D imaging of metazoan soft tissues Tập 228 Số 6 - Trang 889-909 - 2016
Paul M. Gignac, Nathan J. Kley, Julia A. Clarke, Matthew W. Colbert, Ashley C. Morhardt, Donald G. Cerio, Ian N. Cost, Philip G. Cox, Juan D. Daza, Catherine Early, M. Scott Echols, R. Mark Henkelman, Anna Nele Herdina, Casey Holliday, Zhiheng Li, Kristin Mahlow, Samer Merchant, Johannes Müller, Courtney P. Orsbon, Daniel J. Paluh, Monte L. Thies, Henry P. Tsai, Lawrence M. Witmer
AbstractMorphologists have historically had to rely on destructive procedures to
visualize the three‐dimensional (3‐D) anatomy of animals. More recently,
however, non‐destructive techniques have come to the forefront. These include
X‐ray computed tomography (CT), which has been used most commonly to examine the
mineralized, hard‐tissue anatomy of living and fossil metazoans. One relatively
new and... hiện toàn bộ
Advances in 3D cell culture technologies enabling tissue‐like structures to be created in vitro Tập 227 Số 6 - Trang 746-756 - 2015
Eleanor Knight, Stefan Przyborski
AbstractResearch in mammalian cell biology often relies on developing in vitro
models to enable the growth of cells in the laboratory to investigate a specific
biological mechanism or process under different test conditions. The quality of
such models and how they represent the behavior of cells in real tissues plays a
critical role in the value of the data produced and how it is used. It is
parti... hiện toàn bộ
Fossils, feet and the evolution of human bipedal locomotion Tập 204 Số 5 - Trang 403-416 - 2004
William E. H. Harcourt‐Smith, Leslie C. Aiello
AbstractWe review the evolution of human bipedal locomotion with a particular
emphasis on the evolution of the foot. We begin in the early twentieth century
and focus particularly on hypotheses of an ape‐like ancestor for humans and
human bipedal locomotion put forward by a succession of Gregory, Keith, Morton
and Schultz. We give consideration to Morton's (1935) synthesis of foot
evolution, in wh... hiện toàn bộ
Regulation of microvascular permeability by vascular endothelial growth factors* Tập 200 Số 6 - Trang 581-597 - 2002
David O. Bates, Natalia Hillman, Bryan Williams, Christopher R. Neal, Tristan Pocock
AbstractGeneration of new blood vessels from pre‐existing vasculature
(angiogenesis) is accompanied in almost all states by increased vascular
permeability. This is true in physiological as well as pathological
angiogenesis, but is more marked during disease states. Physiological
angiogenesis occurs during tissue growth and repair in adult tissues, as well as
during development. Pathological angio... hiện toàn bộ