The biology of personalized cancer medicine: Facing individual complexities underlying hallmark capabilities

Molecular Oncology - Tập 6 - Trang 111-127 - 2012
Michele De Palma1, Douglas Hanahan1
1The Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

Tóm tắt

It is a time of great promise and expectation for the applications of knowledge about mechanisms of cancer toward more effective and enduring therapies for human disease. Conceptualizations such as the hallmarks of cancer are providing an organizing principle with which to distill and rationalize the abject complexities of cancer phenotypes and genotypes across the spectrum of the human disease. A countervailing reality, however, involves the variable and often transitory responses to most mechanism‐based targeted therapies, returning full circle to the complexity, arguing that the unique biology and genetics of a patient's tumor will in the future necessarily need to be incorporated into the decisions about optimal treatment strategies, the frontier of personalized cancer medicine. This perspective highlights considerations, metrics, and methods that may prove instrumental in charting the landscape of evaluating individual tumors so to better inform diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Integral to the consideration is remarkable heterogeneity and variability, evidently embedded in cancer cells, but likely also in the cell types composing the supportive and interactive stroma of the tumor microenvironment (e.g., leukocytes and fibroblasts), whose diversity in form, regulation, function, and abundance may prove to rival that of the cancer cells themselves. By comprehensively interrogating both parenchyma and stroma of patients' cancers with a suite of parametric tools, the promise of mechanism‐based therapy may truly be realized.

Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1002/cncr.26540

10.1016/j.hoc.2011.04.006

10.1002/cncr.26450

10.1097/MOH.0b013e328345a180

10.1007/s00262-011-1139-7

10.1016/S1535-6108(02)00046-6

10.1371/journal.pone.0024420

10.1200/JCO.2006.05.9584

10.1038/nrc3130

10.1126/science.1198443

10.1126/scitranslmed.3002564

10.1038/nature09744

10.1158/2159-8290.CD-11-0109

10.1038/ni.1937

10.1038/nature09339

10.1038/nature10144

10.1038/nrd3455

10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154002

10.1038/nrc2868

10.1002/path.2837

10.1038/74704

10.2353/ajpath.2010.090786

10.1038/nrclinonc.2011.64

10.1016/j.ccr.2008.12.004

10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3444

10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70130-3

10.1016/j.ccr.2009.06.018

10.1158/2159-8274.CD-10-0028

10.1038/nm.2454

10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.04.031

10.1038/nature09677

10.1038/nm0596-561

10.1056/NEJMoa062867

10.1038/nri1961

10.1016/j.devcel.2010.05.012

10.1126/science.1141478

10.1056/NEJMoa060655

10.1038/nrc1840

10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.216

10.1038/nm0797-788

10.1038/nrd3579

10.1038/nrc3001

10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-1316

10.1126/science.1129139

10.1002/cncr.25327

10.1177/1758834010397569

10.1152/physrev.00038.2010

10.1016/j.cell.2011.03.026

10.1084/jem.20080108

10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81683-9

10.1101/gad.1583307

10.1038/nrc2918

10.1038/nrc2877

10.1016/S1535-6108(03)00273-3

10.1126/science.284.5422.1994

10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-09-0302

10.1038/nrc777

10.1016/S1535-6108(03)00271-X

10.1038/nrc1877

10.1038/nrc3166

10.1093/jnci/72.1.93

10.1056/NEJMra0706596

10.1038/nrc1838

10.1172/JCI40283

10.1038/nature06309

10.1371/journal.pmed.0020284

10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-4446

10.1038/ng2003

10.1073/pnas.0502860102

10.1007/s00441-008-0642-4

10.1016/j.mam.2011.04.001

10.1016/j.cell.2009.10.027

10.1038/nrc3063

10.1038/nature03702

10.1038/nrc1739

10.1038/nbt.1618

10.1038/ncb2024

10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-1109

10.1038/nrclinonc.2011.164

10.1038/nm0603-713

10.1038/nature08462

10.1073/pnas.0804549105

10.1038/nri3064

10.1056/NEJMoa065044

10.1038/nrc2444

10.1200/JCO.2007.14.8957

10.1055/s-0030-1253454

10.1016/j.molonc.2011.10.003

10.1158/2159-8290.CD-11-0061

10.1387/ijdb.103227sn

10.1038/nri2708

10.1126/science.1171362

10.1038/onc.2009.416

10.1590/S1415-47572011000300001

10.1371/journal.pmed.0050019

10.1038/nature10662

10.1056/NEJMra042342

10.1016/B978-0-12-380916-2.00010-3

10.1007/978-1-61779-289-2_13

10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61539-0

10.1200/JCO.2007.15.5416

10.1038/nature03095

10.1038/nature06913

10.1038/nm1009-1158

10.1093/carcin/bgp272

10.1200/JCO.2008.16.1612

10.1126/scitranslmed.3002003

10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.027

10.1038/nrd2110

10.1172/JCI31422

10.1586/epr.09.17

10.4049/jimmunol.180.10.7009

10.1073/pnas.1016030108

10.1038/nrc2173

10.1056/NEJMra0801289

10.1016/j.mam.2011.04.005

10.3324/haematol.2010.033316

10.1189/jlb.0209073

10.1016/j.ccr.2011.08.007

10.1146/annurev.pathol.1.110304.100224

10.1016/j.ccr.2009.11.022

10.1677/joe.1.06560

10.1038/ncb1596

10.1016/j.gde.2012.01.004

10.1038/nature06915

10.1038/nrc1782

10.1073/pnas.0510565103

10.1038/nrc2645

10.1126/science.1073096

10.1038/nm.2537

10.1038/nrc2126

10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.07.002

10.4161/cc.8.15.9206

10.1038/nature09515

10.1056/NEJMoa021491

10.1186/1476-4598-10-117

10.1097/CCO.0b013e3282f31d5d

10.1002/ijc.24556

10.1038/nbt.1595