Alternative Activation of Macrophages: Mechanism and Functions

Immunity - Tập 32 Số 5 - Trang 593-604 - 2010
Siamon Gordon1, Fernando O. Martínez1
1Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Agapov, 2009, Macrophage chitinase 1 stratifies chronic obstructive lung disease, Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 41, 379, 10.1165/2009-0122R

Andreu, 2010, FcRgamma activation regulates inflammation-associated squamous carcinogenesis, Cancer Cell, 17, 121, 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.019

Androulidaki, 2009, The kinase Akt1 controls macrophage response to lipopolysaccharide by regulating microRNAs, Immunity, 31, 220, 10.1016/j.immuni.2009.06.024

Anthony, 2006, Memory T(H)2 cells induce alternatively activated macrophages to mediate protection against nematode parasites, Nat. Med., 12, 955, 10.1038/nm1451

Bhattacharjee, 2006, Monocyte 15-lipoxygenase expression is regulated by a novel cytosolic signaling complex with protein kinase C delta and tyrosine-phosphorylated Stat3, J. Immunol., 177, 3771, 10.4049/jimmunol.177.6.3771

Blease, 2008, Therapeutics targeting IL-13 for the treatment of pulmonary inflammation and airway remodeling, Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs, 9, 1180

Brown, 2006, Dectin-1: A signalling non-TLR pattern-recognition receptor, Nat. Rev. Immunol., 6, 33, 10.1038/nri1745

Chawla, 2010, Control of macrophage activation and function by PPARs, Circ. Res., 106, 1559, 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.216523

Chiaramonte, 2003, Regulation and function of the interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 during a T helper cell type 2-dominant immune response, J. Exp. Med., 197, 687, 10.1084/jem.20020903

Cihakova, 2008, Interleukin-13 protects against experimental autoimmune myocarditis by regulating macrophage differentiation, Am. J. Pathol., 172, 1195, 10.2353/ajpath.2008.070207

Cole, 2007, Toll-like receptor 2-mediated signaling requirements for Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain infection of murine macrophages, Infect. Immun., 75, 4127, 10.1128/IAI.01868-06

Cole, 2008, Macrophage proinflammatory response to Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain requires coordination of multiple signaling pathways, J. Immunol., 180, 6885, 10.4049/jimmunol.180.10.6885

Daley, 2010, The phenotype of murine wound macrophages, J. Leukoc. Biol., 87, 59, 10.1189/jlb.0409236

De'Broski, 2010, Arginine I suppreses IL-12/IL-23p40-driven intestinal inflammation during acute schistosomiasis, J. Immunol.

Delgoffe, 2009, The mTOR kinase differentially regulates effector and regulatory T cell lineage commitment, Immunity, 30, 832, 10.1016/j.immuni.2009.04.014

DeNardo, 2009, CD4(+) T cells regulate pulmonary metastasis of mammary carcinomas by enhancing protumor properties of macrophages, Cancer Cell, 16, 91, 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.06.018

Dickensheets, 2007, Suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 is an IL-4-inducible gene in macrophages and feedback inhibits IL-4 signaling, Genes Immun., 8, 21, 10.1038/sj.gene.6364352

Doyle, 1994, Interleukin-13 alters the activation state of murine macrophages in vitro: Comparison with interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma, Eur. J. Immunol., 24, 1441, 10.1002/eji.1830240630

El Kasmi, 2008, Toll-like receptor-induced arginase 1 in macrophages thwarts effective immunity against intracellular pathogens, Nat. Immunol., 9, 1399, 10.1038/ni.1671

Fallon, 2006, Identification of an interleukin (IL)-25-dependent cell population that provides IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 at the onset of helminth expulsion, J. Exp. Med., 203, 1105, 10.1084/jem.20051615

Fernandez-Boyanapalli, 2009, Impaired apoptotic cell clearance in CGD due to altered macrophage programming is reversed by phosphatidylserine-dependent production of IL-4, Blood, 113, 2047, 10.1182/blood-2008-05-160564

Fichtner-Feigl, 2006, IL-13 signaling through the IL-13alpha2 receptor is involved in induction of TGF-beta1 production and fibrosis, Nat. Med., 12, 99, 10.1038/nm1332

Fichtner-Feigl, 2008, Restoration of tumor immunosurveillance via targeting of interleukin-13 receptor-alpha 2, Cancer Res., 68, 3467, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-5301

Fichtner-Feigl, 2008, IL-13 signaling via IL-13R alpha2 induces major downstream fibrogenic factors mediating fibrosis in chronic TNBS colitis, Gastroenterology, 135, 2003, 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.08.055

Gabrilovich, 2009, Myeloid-derived suppressor cells as regulators of the immune system, Nat. Rev. Immunol., 9, 162, 10.1038/nri2506

Gangadharan, 2008, Murine gammaherpesvirus-induced fibrosis is associated with the development of alternatively activated macrophages, J. Leukoc. Biol., 84, 50, 10.1189/jlb.0507270

Geissmann, 2010, Development of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, Science, 327, 656, 10.1126/science.1178331

Glass, 2010, Nuclear receptor transrepression pathways that regulate inflammation, Nat. Rev. Immunol., 10, 365, 10.1038/nri2748

Gocheva, 2010, IL-4 induces cathepsin protease activity in tumor-associated macrophages to promote cancer growth and invasion, Genes Dev., 24, 241, 10.1101/gad.1874010

Gordon, 2008, Macrophages and phagocytosis, 547

Gratchev, 2001, Alternatively activated antigen-presenting cells: Molecular repertoire, immune regulation, and healing, Skin Pharmacol. Appl. Skin Physiol., 14, 272, 10.1159/000056357

Grivennikov, 2010, Immunity, inflammation, and cancer, Cell, 140, 883, 10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.025

Hallam, 2009, Activated macrophages in the tumour microenvironment-dancing to the tune of TLR and NF-kappaB, J. Pathol., 219, 143, 10.1002/path.2602

Heinsbroek, 2009, Actin and phosphoinositide recruitment to fully formed Candida albicans phagosomes in mouse macrophages, J. Innate Immunol., 1, 244, 10.1159/000173694

Heller, 2008, Type I IL-4Rs selectively activate IRS-2 to induce target gene expression in macrophages, Sci. Signal., 1, ra17, 10.1126/scisignal.1164795

Helming, 2009, Molecular mediators of macrophage fusion, Trends Cell Biol., 19, 514, 10.1016/j.tcb.2009.07.005

Helming, 2008, Essential role of DAP12 signaling in macrophage programming into a fusion-competent state, Sci. Signal., 1, ra11, 10.1126/scisignal.1159665

Herbert, 2004, Alternative macrophage activation is essential for survival during schistosomiasis and downmodulates T helper 1 responses and immunopathology, Immunity, 20, 623, 10.1016/S1074-7613(04)00107-4

Hesse, 2001, Differential regulation of nitric oxide synthase-2 and arginase-1 by type 1/type 2 cytokines in vivo: Granulomatous pathology is shaped by the pattern of L-arginine metabolism, J. Immunol., 167, 6533, 10.4049/jimmunol.167.11.6533

Holscher, 2006, Impairment of alternative macrophage activation delays cutaneous leishmaniasis in nonhealing BALB/c mice, J. Immunol., 176, 1115, 10.4049/jimmunol.176.2.1115

Holtzman, 2009, Immune pathways for translating viral infection into chronic airway disease, Adv. Immunol., 102, 245, 10.1016/S0065-2776(09)01205-X

Ishii, 2009, Epigenetic regulation of the alternatively activated macrophage phenotype, Blood, 114, 3244, 10.1182/blood-2009-04-217620

Jenkins, 2010, Similarity and diversity in macrophage activation by nematodes, trematodes, and cestodes, J. Biomed. Biotechnol., 2010, 262609, 10.1155/2010/262609

Joyce, 2009, Microenvironmental regulation of metastasis, Nat. Rev. Cancer, 9, 239, 10.1038/nrc2618

Junttila, 2008, Tuning sensitivity to IL-4 and IL-13: Differential expression of IL-4Ralpha, IL-13Ralpha1, and gammac regulates relative cytokine sensitivity, J. Exp. Med., 205, 2595, 10.1084/jem.20080452

Kahnert, 2006, Alternative activation deprives macrophages of a coordinated defense program to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Eur. J. Immunol., 36, 631, 10.1002/eji.200535496

Kawashima, 2006, IL-13 receptor alpha2 promotes epithelial cell regeneration from radiation-induced small intestinal injury in mice, Gastroenterology, 131, 130, 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.04.022

Kim, 2008, Persistent activation of an innate immune response translates respiratory viral infection into chronic lung disease, Nat. Med., 14, 633, 10.1038/nm1770

Kuroda, 2009, SHIP represses the generation of IL-3-induced M2 macrophages by inhibiting IL-4 production from basophils, J. Immunol., 183, 3652, 10.4049/jimmunol.0900864

Kurowska-Stolarska, 2009, IL-33 amplifies the polarization of alternatively activated macrophages that contribute to airway inflammation, J. Immunol., 183, 6469, 10.4049/jimmunol.0901575

Kzhyshkowska, 2009, Cross-talk between endocytic clearance and secretion in macrophages, Immunobiology, 214, 576, 10.1016/j.imbio.2009.03.007

LaPorte, 2008, Molecular and structural basis of cytokine receptor pleiotropy in the interleukin-4/13 system, Cell, 132, 259, 10.1016/j.cell.2007.12.030

Linehan, 2003, IL-4 receptor signaling is required for mannose receptor expression by macrophages recruited to granulomata but not resident cells in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni, Lab. Invest., 83, 1223, 10.1097/01.LAB.0000081392.93701.6F

Locksley, 2010, Asthma and allergic inflammation, Cell, 140, 777, 10.1016/j.cell.2010.03.004

Loke, 2000, Antigen-presenting cells recruited by Brugia malayi induce Th2 differentiation of naive CD4(+) T cells, Eur. J. Immunol., 30, 1127, 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(200004)30:4<1127::AID-IMMU1127>3.0.CO;2-#

Loke, 2002, IL-4 dependent alternatively-activated macrophages have a distinctive in vivo gene expression phenotype, BMC Immunol., 3, 7, 10.1186/1471-2172-3-7

Lupardus, 2010, Molecular basis for shared cytokine recognition revealed in the structure of an unusually high affinity complex between IL-13 and IL-13Ralpha2, Structure, 18, 332, 10.1016/j.str.2010.01.003

Mandruzzato, 2009, IL4Ralpha+ myeloid-derived suppressor cell expansion in cancer patients, J. Immunol., 182, 6562, 10.4049/jimmunol.0803831

Mantovani, 2005, Macrophage polarization comes of age, Immunity, 23, 344, 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.10.001

Mantovani, 2008, Cancer-related inflammation, Nature, 454, 436, 10.1038/nature07205

Martinez, 2006, Transcriptional profiling of the human monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and polarization: New molecules and patterns of gene expression, J. Immunol., 177, 7303, 10.4049/jimmunol.177.10.7303

Martinez, 2009, Alternative activation of macrophages: An immunologic functional perspective, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 27, 451, 10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132532

Mitchell, 2010, IL-13 and the IL-13 receptor as therapeutic targets for asthma and allergic disease, Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs, 11, 527

Mohrs, 2005, A two-step process for cytokine production revealed by IL-4 dual-reporter mice, Immunity, 23, 419, 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.09.006

Mokoena, 1985, Human macrophage activation. Modulation of mannosyl, fucosyl receptor activity in vitro by lymphokines, gamma and alpha interferons, and dexamethasone, J. Clin. Invest., 75, 624, 10.1172/JCI111740

Montaner, 1999, Type 1 and type 2 cytokine regulation of macrophage endocytosis: differential activation by IL-4/IL-13 as opposed to IFN-gamma or IL-10, J. Immunol., 162, 4606, 10.4049/jimmunol.162.8.4606

Moreno, 2003, IL-4 suppresses osteoclast development and mature osteoclast function by a STAT6-dependent mechanism: Irreversible inhibition of the differentiation program activated by RANKL, Blood, 102, 1078, 10.1182/blood-2002-11-3437

Moreno, 2007, IL-4 promotes the formation of multinucleated giant cells from macrophage precursors by a STAT6-dependent, homotypic mechanism: Contribution of E-cadherin, J. Leukoc. Biol., 82, 1542, 10.1189/jlb.0107058

Moro, 2009, Innate production of T(H)2 cytokines by adipose tissue-associated c-Kit(+)Sca-1(+) lymphoid cells, Nature, 463, 540, 10.1038/nature08636

Mosser, 2008, Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation, Nat. Rev. Immunol., 8, 958, 10.1038/nri2448

Munitz, 2008, Resistin-like molecule alpha enhances myeloid cell activation and promotes colitis, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 122, 1200, 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.10.017

Nair, 2009, Alternatively activated macrophage-derived RELM-{alpha} is a negative regulator of type 2 inflammation in the lung, J. Exp. Med., 206, 937, 10.1084/jem.20082048

Neill, 2010, Nuocytes represent a new innate effector leukocyte that mediates type-2 immunity, Nature, 464, 1367, 10.1038/nature08900

O'Shea, 2010, Mechanisms underlying lineage commitment and plasticity of helper CD4+ T cells, Science, 327, 1098, 10.1126/science.1178334

O'Toole, 2008, A novel and sensitive ELISA reveals that the soluble form of IL-13R-alpha2 is not expressed in plasma of healthy or asthmatic subjects, Clin. Exp. Allergy, 38, 594, 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02921.x

Pelegrin, 2009, Dynamics of macrophage polarization reveal new mechanism to inhibit IL-1beta release through pyrophosphates, EMBO J., 28, 2114, 10.1038/emboj.2009.163

Pesce, 2006, The IL-21 receptor augments Th2 effector function and alternative macrophage activation, J. Clin. Invest., 116, 2044, 10.1172/JCI27727

Pesce, 2009, Arginase-1-expressing macrophages suppress Th2 cytokine-driven inflammation and fibrosis, PLoS Pathog., 5, e1000371, 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000371

Pesce, 2009, Retnla (relmalpha/fizz1) suppresses helminth-induced Th2-type immunity, PLoS Pathog., 5, e1000393, 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000393

Porta, 2009, Tolerance and M2 (alternative) macrophage polarization are related processes orchestrated by p50 nuclear factor kappaB, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 14978, 10.1073/pnas.0809784106

Puig-Kroger, 2009, Folate receptor beta is expressed by tumor-associated macrophages and constitutes a marker for M2 anti-inflammatory/regulatory macrophages, Cancer Res., 69, 9395, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-2050

Ramalingam, 2008, Unique functions of the type II interleukin 4 receptor identified in mice lacking the interleukin 13 receptor alpha1 chain, Nat. Immunol., 9, 25, 10.1038/ni1544

Rathinam, 2010, The AIM2 inflammasome is essential for host defense against cytosolic bacteria and DNA viruses, Nat. Immunol., 11, 395, 10.1038/ni.1864

Rauh, 2005, SHIP represses the generation of alternatively activated macrophages, Immunity, 23, 361, 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.09.003

Reece, 2006, Innate immune responses to lung-stage helminth infection induce alternatively activated alveolar macrophages, Infect. Immun., 74, 4970, 10.1128/IAI.00687-06

Reese, 2007, Chitin induces accumulation in tissue of innate immune cells associated with allergy, Nature, 447, 92, 10.1038/nature05746

Richardson, 2005, Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection induces cyclooxygenase 2: a potential target for RSV therapy, J. Immunol., 174, 4356, 10.4049/jimmunol.174.7.4356

Rodriguez-Sosa, 2002, Chronic helminth infection induces alternatively activated macrophages expressing high levels of CCR5 with low interleukin-12 production and Th2-biasing ability, Infect. Immun., 70, 3656, 10.1128/IAI.70.7.3656-3664.2002

Roy, 2002, IL-13 signal transduction in human monocytes: Phosphorylation of receptor components, association with Jaks, and phosphorylation/activation of Stats, J. Leukoc. Biol., 72, 580, 10.1189/jlb.72.3.580

Ruschmann, 2010, Tyrosine phosphorylation of SHIP promotes its proteosomal degradation, Exp. Hematol., 38, 392, 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.03.010

Saenz, 2010, IL25 elicits a multipotent progenitor cell population that promotes T(H)2 cytokine responses, Nature, 464, 1362, 10.1038/nature08901

Scotton, 2005, Transcriptional profiling reveals complex regulation of the monocyte IL-1 beta system by IL-13, J. Immunol., 174, 834, 10.4049/jimmunol.174.2.834

Shirey, 2008, Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain induces macrophage alternative activation as a survival mechanism, J. Immunol., 181, 4159, 10.4049/jimmunol.181.6.4159

Shirey, 2010, Control of RSV-induced lung injury by alternatively activated macrophages is IL-4Rα-. TLR4-, and IFN-β-dependent, Mucosal Immunol., 3, 291, 10.1038/mi.2010.6

Sinha, 2007, Cross-talk between myeloid-derived suppressor cells and macrophages subverts tumor immunity toward a type 2 response, J. Immunol., 179, 977, 10.4049/jimmunol.179.2.977

Stein, 1992, Interleukin 4 potently enhances murine macrophage mannose receptor activity: A marker of alternative immunologic macrophage activation, J. Exp. Med., 176, 287, 10.1084/jem.176.1.287

Steinman, 2010, Features of the dendritic cell lineage, Immunol. Rev., 234, 5, 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2009.00888.x

Stout, 2010, Editorial: Macrophage functional phenotypes: No alternatives in dermal wound healing?, J. Leukoc. Biol., 87, 19, 10.1189/jlb.0509311

Stout, 2005, Macrophages sequentially change their functional phenotype in response to changes in microenvironmental influences, J. Immunol., 175, 342, 10.4049/jimmunol.175.1.342

Syed, 2007, Identification of interleukin-13 related biomarkers using peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Biomarkers, 12, 414, 10.1080/13547500701192652

Taganov, 2006, NF-kappaB-dependent induction of microRNA miR-146, an inhibitor targeted to signaling proteins of innate immune responses, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103, 12481, 10.1073/pnas.0605298103

Thompson, 2008, Cationic amino acid transporter-2 regulates immunity by modulating arginase activity, PLoS Pathog., 4, e1000023, 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000023

Tili, 2007, Modulation of miR-155 and miR-125b levels following lipopolysaccharide/TNF-alpha stimulation and their possible roles in regulating the response to endotoxin shock, J. Immunol., 179, 5082, 10.4049/jimmunol.179.8.5082

Trompette, 2009, Allergenicity resulting from functional mimicry of a Toll-like receptor complex protein, Nature, 457, 585, 10.1038/nature07548

van de Veerdonk, 2009, The macrophage mannose receptor induces IL-17 in response to Candida albicans, Cell Host Microbe, 5, 329, 10.1016/j.chom.2009.02.006

Van den Bossche, 2009, Alternatively activated macrophages engage in homotypic and heterotypic interactions through IL-4 and polyamine-induced E-cadherin/catenin complexes, Blood, 114, 4664, 10.1182/blood-2009-05-221598

Varin, 2009, Alternative activation of macrophages: Immune function and cellular biology, Immunobiology, 214, 630, 10.1016/j.imbio.2008.11.009

Varin, 2009, Alternative activation of macrophages by IL-4 impairs phagocytosis of pathogens but potentiates microbial-induced signalling and cytokine secretion, Blood, 115, 353, 10.1182/blood-2009-08-236711

Voehringer, 2006, Type 2 immunity is controlled by IL-4/IL-13 expression in hematopoietic non-eosinophil cells of the innate immune system, J. Exp. Med., 203, 1435, 10.1084/jem.20052448

Weiss, 2009, Successful immunotherapy with IL-2/anti-CD40 induces the chemokine-mediated mitigation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 19455, 10.1073/pnas.0909474106

Wenzel, 2007, Effect of an interleukin-4 variant on late phase asthmatic response to allergen challenge in asthmatic patients: results of two phase 2a studies, Lancet, 370, 1422, 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61600-6

Wilson, 2009, Pulmonary fibrosis: Pathogenesis, etiology and regulation, Mucosal Immunol., 2, 103, 10.1038/mi.2008.85

Woodruff, 2009, T-helper type 2-driven inflammation defines major subphenotypes of asthma, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 180, 388, 10.1164/rccm.200903-0392OC