Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy
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Titanium–tantalum oxide as a support for Pd nanoparticles for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline electrolytes
Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy - Tập 7 - Trang 1-10 - 2018
We report a facile synthetic method for the preparation of titanium–tantalum oxide by means of a modified Adam’s method. This new method allowed obtaining Ti0.8Ta0.2O2 with a high surface area (234 m2 g−1), to be used as catalyst support for Pd nanoparticles. Cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry measurements confirm the noticeable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activities of the Pd/Ti0.8Ta0.2O2 electrocatalyst in alkaline electrolytes, along with a high-selectivity towards a 4e− pathway. The good ORR performance for the Pd/Ti0.8Ta0.2O2 could arise from both the strong metal-support interaction and the contribution of the Ti0.8Ta0.2O2 in facilitating the ORR process, acting as co-catalyst. However, the stability of this catalyst seems insufficient for practical applications.
Analysis of thickness-dependent optical parameters of a-Si:H/nc-Si:H multilayer thin films
Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy - Tập 6 - Trang 1-6 - 2017
Multilayer thin films with alternate hydrogenated amorphous (a-Si:H) and nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) layers are deposited in hot wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) chamber using hydrogen (H2) dilution of silane (SiH4). Two sets (two samples for each set) have different nc-Si:H layer thickness with the same a-Si:H thickness. The transmittance spectra, refractive index and absorption coefficient are obtained using UV–Vis spectroscopy. An analysis of Tauc plot suggests thickness-dependent optical band gap shift. The films with thick nc-Si:H layers show a decrease in band gap from 1.78 to 1.68 eV, whereas the films with lower nc-Si:H layer thickness have an increased band gap from 1.64 to 1.72 eV. Further, the slope of the Tauc plot (B) and disorder indicator (Urbach energy, E
u) show that the films with thick nc-Si:H layers are poorly ordered as hydrogen dilution increases. These results illustrate that band gap shift can be attributed to the crystal size effect and film disorder. This shifting of optical band gap with the nc-Si:H layer thickness is useful in tuning of the absorber layer band gap which finds an application in photovoltaics.
Assessment of thermal and energy performance of masonry blocks prepared with date palm ashAbstract
Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy - - 2020
This article evaluates the thermal and energy performance of mortar blocks containing local agricultural waste. The mortar blocks were cast by the replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with varying amounts of date palm ash (DPA) in the range of 10–30%. Experiments and simulations were carried out to assess the thermal characteristics and energy performance of the specimens. A prototype office building was modeled and simulated in DesignBuilder (Version 6.1.06) with modified blocks prepared with DPA under the Arabian Gulf environment characterized by hot and humid climatic conditions of Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. The developed blocks are characterized as lightweight blocks based on density data which satisfy the requirement of ASTM C55-11. The analysis and simulation indicate that the incorporation of DPA improves the thermal resistance of up to 47%, enhances the indoor environment and yields annual energy consumption of up to 7.6%, consequently reduces the cost of masonry block production by ~ 11% without compromising the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. The masonry blocks prepared with DPA found to be economical than conventional masonry blocks. It is postulated that the novel DPA-based developed blocks are significantly sustainable products which will contribute to the valorization of DPA waste along with the reduction in the cost of construction and operational cost of the building.
Irreversibility of proton conductivity of Nafion and Nafion–Titania composites at high relative humidity
Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy - - 2015
Electrochemical performance of SnO–V2O5–SiO2 glass anode for Na-ion batteries
Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy - Tập 7 - Trang 1-4 - 2018
SnO–V2O5–SiO2 glass anode sample prepared by simple a mechanical milling technique. The amorphous nature of sample identified using with XRD technique. This glass anode has an initial charge capacity of 560 mAhg−1 and discharge capacity of 483 mAhg−1. After 20 charge–discharge cycles, charge and discharge capacities achieved to be 389 and 379 mAhg−1 at 0.1C, respectively. The loss in discharge capacity is up to ~ 45.22% even at high rate 5C.
Structure and hydrogen storage properties of AB3-type Re2Mg(Ni0.7 − xCo0.2Mn0.1Alx)9 (x = 0‒0.04) alloys
Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy - - 2019
Graphite nanoparticles paper supercapacitor based on gel electrolyte
Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy - Tập 7 - Trang 1-11 - 2018
In this study, three-type paper supercapacitors based on the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/phosphoric acid (H3PO4) gel electrolytes and graphite nanoparticles (GNPs) electrodes have been fabricated. The gel electrolytes and electrodes films have been coated on the paper using push coating and then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In two types of the paper supercapacitors, on the PVDF gel electrolyte film, a layer of PVA/water and BaTiO3 as a gel separator film has been coated. The specific capacitance of the paper supercapacitors using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic (charge–discharge) methods at the scan rates 20 and 150 mV s−1 have been investigated. The paper supercapacitor based on the BaTiO3 separator film showed higher specific capacitance (312 F g−1) compared to other samples. Also, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the Nyquist and Bode curves of paper supercapacitors have been measured. For the paper supercapacitors based on the PVDF gel electrolyte film and BaTiO3 separator film using the Nyquist curves, the equivalent series resistance (ESR) was 306 Ω and 125 Ω, respectively. The paper supercapacitor based on BaTiO3 gel separator structure represents a new type of flexible supercapacitor with high performance that can be applied to electronic devices.
Layer-by-layer deposition of TiO2–ZrO2 electrode sensitized with Pandan leaves: natural dye-sensitized solar cell
Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy - Tập 8 - Trang 1-9 - 2019
TiO2, ZrO2 and layer-by-layer TiO2–ZrO2 films were prepared by doctor blade method followed by sensitization with natural dye for dye-sensitized solar cell application. The structural and optical, morphological and compositional properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction and UV–Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, BET, surface profilometer and energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer, respectively. Dye-sensitized solar cells were fabricated using the prepared electrodes of TiO2, ZrO2 and layer-by-layer TiO2–ZrO2 films sensitized with natural dye extracted from Pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius). The J–V characteristics were recorded to measure photo-response of fabricated devices and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to study the electron behavior, series resistance and lifetime. Photovoltaic parameter like short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, fill factor, and power conversion efficiency were evaluated for fabricated solar cell under artificial light supplied from white LED (15 mW·cm−2). The average values of power conversion efficiency of DSSCs fabricated with TiO2, ZrO2 and layer-by-layer TiO2–ZrO2 photoanodes were found to be 0.65%, 3.04% and 3.13%, respectively.
Lithiated Nafion membrane as a single-ion conducting polymer electrolyte in lithium batteries
Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy - - 2024
Single lithium-ion conducting polymer electrolytes are promising candidates for next generation safer lithium batteries. In this work, Li+-conducting Nafion membranes have been synthesized by using a novel single-step procedure. The Li-Nafion membranes were characterized by means of small-wide angle X-ray scattering, infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis, for validating the proposed lithiation method. The obtained membranes were swollen in different organic aprotic solvent mixtures and characterized in terms of ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability window, lithium stripping-deposition ability and their interface properties versus lithium metal. The membrane swollen in ethylene carbonate:propylene carbonate (EC:PC, 1:1 w/w) displays good temperature-activated ionic conductivities (σ ≈ 5.5 × 10–4 S cm−1 at 60 °C) and a more stable Li-electrolyte interface with respect to the other samples. This Li-Nafion membrane was tested in a lithium-metal cell adopting LiFePO4 as cathode material. A specific capacity of 140 mAhg−1, after 50 cycles, was achieved at 30 °C, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed Li-Nafion membrane.
Transesterification of peanut and rapeseed oils using waste of animal bone as cost effective catalyst
Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy - Tập 2 - Trang 1-10 - 2013
Heterogeneous catalysts were developed from goat animal bones for biodiesel production via transesterification process. Desirable feedstock like peanut and rapeseed oils were chosen as raw material for the transesterification process. The bone catalysts calcined at 900 °C shows low crystallite size (41.47434 nm) and higher surface area (90.6523 m²/g) compared to catalysts calcined at other temperatures. The maximum biodiesel yield of 94 % for peanut oil and 96 % for rapeseed oil were obtained at 20:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, addition of 18 wt% of bone catalyst (calcined at 900 °C, 2 h), 60 °C reaction temperature and reaction time of 4 h. The fuel properties of biodiesel produced were compared with ASTM standards for biodiesel. Reusability of the catalyst was also tested.
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