Journal of Research in Science Teaching
Công bố khoa học tiêu biểu
* Dữ liệu chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Nghiên cứu này đã xem xét mối quan hệ giữa việc giảng dạy nội dung và sự phát triển hiểu biết về phương pháp thay đổi khái niệm của các ứng viên giáo viên tiểu học. Các sinh viên đại học (
Nghiên cứu này đã khảo sát kết quả của một đơn vị tích hợp việc dạy rõ ràng các mô hình lý luận chung vào việc giảng dạy nội dung khoa học cụ thể. Cụ thể, bài báo này đã xem xét việc giảng dạy kỹ năng lập luận trong bối cảnh các tình huống khó xử trong di truyền học ở người. Trước khi học, chỉ có một thiểu số (16,2%) học sinh đề cập đến kiến thức sinh học chính xác và cụ thể trong việc xây dựng lập luận trong bối cảnh các tình huống khó xử về di truyền. Khoảng 90% học sinh đã thành công trong việc xây dựng các lập luận đơn giản. Một bài kiểm tra diễn ra sau khi giảng dạy đã hỗ trợ kết luận rằng việc tích hợp việc dạy rõ ràng các kỹ năng lập luận vào việc giảng dạy các tình huống khó xử trong di truyền học ở người nâng cao hiệu suất trong cả kiến thức sinh học và kỹ năng lập luận. Đã ghi nhận sự gia tăng về tần suất học sinh tham khảo kiến thức sinh học chính xác và cụ thể khi xây dựng lập luận. Nhóm học sinh tham gia thí nghiệm có điểm số cao hơn đáng kể so với nhóm so sánh trong bài kiểm tra kiến thức di truyền. Cũng có sự gia tăng về chất lượng lập luận của học sinh. Học sinh có thể chuyển giao khả năng lý luận được dạy trong bối cảnh di truyền sang bối cảnh các tình huống khó xử từ cuộc sống hàng ngày. Các hiệu ứng của tư duy siêu nhận thức và việc thay đổi quan điểm suy nghĩ của học sinh bằng cách điều chỉnh những gì được coi là có giá trị trong văn hóa lớp học được thảo luận. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 39: 35–62, 2002
This mixed‐methods research investigated teachers' perceptions of intrinsic factors (personal attributes of the teacher) and extrinsic factors (environmental) influencing the implementation of inquiry‐based science learning at township (underdeveloped urban area) high schools in South Africa. Quantitative data were collected by means of an adapted version of the Science Curriculum Implementation Questionnaire (SCIQ) (Lewthwaite, 2001). The adapted version was renamed the Scientific Inquiry Implementation Questionnaire (SIIQ) and was administered to 186 science teachers at township schools in South Africa. The teachers at a township school were then interviewed in order to solicit in‐depth information on the findings that emerged from the questionnaire analysis. The findings highlight a lack of professional science knowledge (content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, knowledge of students, educational contexts, curricular knowledge, and educational purposes) that contributes toward teachers' uncertainty in inquiry‐based teaching. Also, extrinsic factors such as school ethos, professional support, resource adequacy, and time serve as significant constraints in the implementation of inquiry‐based education at the school. The data collected from SIIQ provides a foundation for understanding at a high school level how factors influence the delivery of a curriculum underpinned by inquiry. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53: 598–619, 2016
This study investigates the relationships between professional knowledge, self‐concept, and interest of pre‐service physics teachers. In order to support student learning and interest development alike, teachers need a profound professional knowledge and respective motivational orientations. Developing both professional knowledge and motivational orientations in teachers is therefore a key challenge of teacher education. Prior research has focused on the development of content knowledge (CK) and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) within teacher education, but the role of motivational orientations such as self‐concept and interest have mostly been neglected areas of study. As individuals develop domain‐specific motivational orientations, they compare their achievement in an external frame to the achievement of their peers, and they compare their achievements in an internal frame across domains. The effects of these psychological processes on domain‐specific motivational orientations are described by the generalized internal/external frame of reference model (GI/E model). We assessed the professional knowledge (CK and PCK) and motivational orientations (self‐concept and interest) of
From the perspective of social cognitive theory, the motivation of students to learn science in college courses was examined. The students—367 science majors and 313 nonscience majors—responded to the Science Motivation Questionnaire II, which assessed five motivation components: intrinsic motivation, self‐determination, self‐efficacy, career motivation, and grade motivation. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses provided evidence of questionnaire construct validity. The motivation components, especially self‐efficacy, were related to the students' college science grade point averages. The science majors scored higher than the nonscience majors on all of the motivation components. Among both science majors and nonscience majors, men had higher self‐efficacy than women, and women had higher self‐determination than men. The findings suggest that the questionnaire is a valid and efficient tool for assessing components of students' motivation to learn science in college courses, and that the components play a role in students' science achievement. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 1159–1176, 2011
Thirty physical science and 30 chemistry classes, which contained a total of 1332 students, were observed using the Brophy‐Good Teacher‐Child Dyadic Interaction System. Classroom interactions were examined for gender differences that may contribute to the underrepresentation of women in physics and engineering courses and subsequent careers. The Brophy‐Good coding process allows for examination of patterns of interactions for individuals and groups of pupils. An analysis of variance of the data yielded a significant main effect for teacher praise, call outs, procedural questions, and behavioral warnings based on the sex of the student and a significant teacher‐sex main effect for direct questions. Significant two‐way interactions were found for the behavioral warning variable for teacher sex and subject by student sex. Female teachers warned male students significantly more than female students. Male teachers warned both genders with similar frequency. Male students also received significantly more behavioral warnings in physical science classes than female students. In chemistry classes, both male and female students received approximately the same number of behavioral warnings.
The development of adequate student conceptions of the nature of science has been a perennial objective of science instruction regardless of the currently advocated pedagogical or curricular emphases. Consequently, it has been an area of prolific research characterized by several parallel, but distinct, lines of investigation. Although research related to students' and teachers' conceptions of the nature of science has been conducted for approximately 40 years, a comprehensive review of the empirical literature (both quantitative and qualitative) has yet to be presented. The overall purpose of this review is to help clarify what has been learned and to elucidate the basic assumptions and logic which have guided earlier research efforts. Ultimately, recommendations related to both methodology and the focus of future research are offered.
There is a consensus regarding the fact that students encounter difficulties in understanding scientific concepts, such as the particulate nature of matter, the mole, and the interpretation of chemical symbols. Researchers and practitioners have been looking for teaching methods to improve students' understanding of quantitative chemistry and their ability to solve related problems. This study describes the Multidimensional Analysis System (MAS), an approach to constructing, classifying, and analyzing quantitative chemistry problems. MAS enables classification based on complexity and transformation levels of a quantitative problem. We define three transformation levels: symbol ↔ macro, symbol ↔ micro, and symbol ↔ process. Applying this framework to teaching and research, we investigated the relationships between MAS‐classified chemistry problems and student achievement in solving these problems. The research population, 241 high school chemistry students, studied problem solving according to MAS for 9 weeks; the control group studied the same topic for the same duration in the traditional way. Student achievement was sorted by mathematics level and gender. We found that the success rate of the entire student population in solving these problems decreased as the problem difficulty increased. Experimental group students scored significantly higher than their control group peers. The improvement in student achievement was significantly dependent on the pretest score and the mathematics level, and independent of gender. Students who studied mathematics in the basic level benefited significantly more from MAS‐based teaching than their peers, whose mathematics level was advanced. Based on the research findings, we recommend applying the multidimensional analysis approach while teaching quantitative problems in chemistry. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 40: 278–302, 2003
Matriculation 2000 was a 5‐year project aimed at moving from the nationwide traditional examination system in Israel to a school‐based alternative embedded assessment. Encompassing 22 high schools from various communities in the country, the Project aimed at fostering deep understanding, higher‐order thinking skills, and students' engagement in learning through alternative teaching and embedded assessment methods. This article describes research conducted during the fifth year of the Project at 2 experimental and 2 control schools. The research objective was to investigate students' learning outcomes in chemistry and biology in the Matriculation 2000 Project. The assumption was that alternative embedded assessment has some effect on students' performance. The experimental students scored significantly higher than their control group peers on low‐level assignments and more so on assignments that required higher‐order thinking skills. The findings indicate that given adequate support and teachers' consent and collaboration, schools can transfer from nationwide or statewide standardized testing to school‐based alter‐native embedded assessment. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 40: 34–52, 2003
Our main goal in this study was to determine whether the use of computer animation and illustration activities in high school can contribute to student achievement in molecular genetics. Three comparable groups of eleventh‐ and twelfth‐grade students participated: the control group (116 students) was taught in the traditional lecture format, whereas the experimental groups received instructions that integrated a computer animation (61 students) or illustration (71 students) activities. We used three research instruments: a multiple‐choice questionnaire; an open‐ended, written questionnaire; and personal interviews. Five of the multiple‐choice questions were also given to students before they received their genetics instruction (pretest). We found that students who participate in the experimental groups improved their knowledge in molecular genetics compared with the control group. However, the open‐ended questions revealed that the computer animation activity was significantly more effective than the illustration activity. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that it is advisable to use computer animations in molecular genetics, especially when teaching about dynamic processes; however, engaging students in illustration activities can still improve their achievement in comparison to traditional instruction. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 45: 273–292, 2008
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