Journal of Medical Virology
1096-9071
0146-6615
Mỹ
Cơ quản chủ quản: WILEY , Wiley-Liss Inc.
Lĩnh vực:
Infectious DiseasesVirology
Các bài báo tiêu biểu
Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: The mystery and the miracle
Tập 92 Số 4 - Trang 401-402 - 2020
Emerging coronaviruses: Genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis Abstract The recent emergence of a novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV), which is causing an outbreak of unusual viral pneumonia in patients in Wuhan, a central city in China, is another warning of the risk of CoVs posed to public health. In this minireview, we provide a brief introduction of the general features of CoVs and describe diseases caused by different CoVs in humans and animals. This review will help understand the biology and potential risk of CoVs that exist in richness in wildlife such as bats.
Tập 92 Số 4 - Trang 418-423 - 2020
The neuroinvasive potential of SARS‐CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID‐19 patients Abstract Following the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV), another highly pathogenic coronavirus named SARS‐CoV‐2 (previously known as 2019‐nCoV) emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spreads around the world. This virus shares highly homological sequence with SARS‐CoV, and causes acute, highly lethal pneumonia coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) with clinical symptoms similar to those reported for SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV. The most characteristic symptom of patients with COVID‐19 is respiratory distress, and most of the patients admitted to the intensive care could not breathe spontaneously. Additionally, some patients with COVID‐19 also showed neurologic signs, such as headache, nausea, and vomiting. Increasing evidence shows that coronaviruses are not always confined to the respiratory tract and that they may also invade the central nervous system inducing neurological diseases. The infection of SARS‐CoV has been reported in the brains from both patients and experimental animals, where the brainstem was heavily infected. Furthermore, some coronaviruses have been demonstrated able to spread via a synapse‐connected route to the medullary cardiorespiratory center from the mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors in the lung and lower respiratory airways. Considering the high similarity between SARS‐CoV and SARS‐CoV2, it remains to make clear whether the potential invasion of SARS‐CoV2 is partially responsible for the acute respiratory failure of patients with COVID‐19. Awareness of this may have a guiding significance for the prevention and treatment of the SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced respiratory failure.
Tập 92 Số 6 - Trang 552-555 - 2020
Triệu chứng sau ra viện và nhu cầu phục hồi chức năng ở những người sống sót sau nhiễm COVID-19: Một đánh giá cắt ngang Tóm tắt Bối cảnh Hiện tại có rất ít thông tin về bản chất và sự phổ biến của các triệu chứng sau COVID-19 sau khi xuất viện. Phương pháp Một mẫu có chủ ý gồm 100 người sống sót được xuất viện từ một bệnh viện Đại học lớn đã được đánh giá 4 đến 8 tuần sau khi xuất viện bởi một nhóm đa ngành chuyên về phục hồi chức năng bằng công cụ sàng lọc qua điện thoại chuyên dụng được thiết kế để thu thập các triệu chứng và tác động lên đời sống hàng ngày. Phiên bản điện thoại EQ‐5D‐5L cũng đã được hoàn thành. Kết quả Người tham gia từ 29 đến 71 ngày (trung bình 48 ngày) sau khi xuất viện từ bệnh viện. Ba mươi hai người tham gia yêu cầu điều trị trong đơn vị chăm sóc đặc biệt (nhóm ICU) và 68 người được quản lý trong các khoa bệnh viện mà không cần chăm sóc ICU (nhóm khu bệnh). Mệt mỏi mới liên quan đến bệnh là triệu chứng thường gặp nhất được báo cáo bởi 72% người tham gia trong nhóm ICU và 60,3% trong nhóm khu bệnh. Các triệu chứng phổ biến tiếp theo là khó thở (65,6% trong nhóm ICU và 42,6% trong nhóm khu bệnh) và căng thẳng tâm lý (46,9% trong nhóm ICU và 23,5% trong nhóm khu bệnh). Có sự giảm điểm EQ5D đáng kể về mặt lâm sàng ở 68,8% trong nhóm ICU và 45,6% trong nhóm bệnh viện. Kết luận Đây là nghiên cứu đầu tiên từ Vương quốc Anh báo cáo về các triệu chứng sau xuất viện. Chúng tôi khuyến nghị kế hoạch hóa dịch vụ phục hồi chức năng để quản lý những triệu chứng này một cách phù hợp và tối đa hóa sự hồi phục chức năng của những người sống sót COVID-19.
Tập 93 Số 2 - Trang 1013-1022 - 2021
#COVID-19 #hậu xuất viện #triệu chứng #phục hồi chức năng #đánh giá cắt ngang
Norwalk virus: How infectious is it? Abstract Noroviruses are major agents of viral gastroenteritis worldwide. The infectivity of Norwalk virus, the prototype norovirus, has been studied in susceptible human volunteers. A new variant of the hit theory model of microbial infection was developed to estimate the variation in Norwalk virus infectivity, as well as the degree of virus aggregation, consistent with independent (electron microscopic) observations. Explicit modeling of viral aggregation allows us to express virus infectivity per single infectious unit (particle). Comparison of a primary and a secondary inoculum showed that passage through a human host does not change Norwalk virus infectivity. We estimate the average probability of infection for a single Norwalk virus particle to be close to 0.5, exceeding that reported for any other virus studied to date. Infected subjects had a dose‐dependent probability of becoming ill, ranging from 0.1 (at a dose of 103 NV genomes) to 0.7 (at 108 virus genomes). A norovirus dose response model is important for understanding its transmission and essential for development of a quantitative risk model. Norwalk virus is a valuable model system to study virulence because genetic factors are known for both complete and partial protection; the latter can be quantitatively described as heterogeneity in dose response models. J. Med. Virol. 80:1468–1476, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tập 80 Số 8 - Trang 1468-1476 - 2008
Stability issues of RT‐PCR testing of SARS‐CoV‐2 for hospitalized patients clinically diagnosed with COVID‐19 Abstract In this study, we collected a total of 610 hospitalized patients from Wuhan between February 2, 2020, and February 17, 2020. We reported a potentially high false negative rate of real‐time reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 in the 610 hospitalized patients clinically diagnosed with COVID‐19 during the 2019 outbreak. We also found that the RT‐PCR results from several tests at different points were variable from the same patients during the course of diagnosis and treatment of these patients. Our results indicate that in addition to the emphasis on RT‐PCR testing, clinical indicators such as computed tomography images should also be used not only for diagnosis and treatment but also for isolation, recovery/discharge, and transferring for hospitalized patients clinically diagnosed with COVID‐19 during the current epidemic. These results suggested the urgent needs for the standard of procedures of sampling from different anatomic sites, sample transportation, optimization of RT‐PCR, serology diagnosis/screening for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and distinct diagnosis from other respiratory diseases such as fluenza infections as well.
Tập 92 Số 7 - Trang 903-908 - 2020
Composition and divergence of coronavirus spike proteins and host ACE2 receptors predict potential intermediate hosts of SARS‐CoV‐2 Abstract From the beginning of 2002 and 2012, severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) crossed the species barriers to infect humans, causing thousands of infections and hundreds of deaths, respectively. Currently, a novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2), which has become the cause of the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19), was discovered. Until 18 February 2020, there were 72 533 confirmed COVID‐19 cases (including 10 644 severe cases) and 1872 deaths in China. SARS‐CoV‐2 is spreading among the public and causing substantial burden due to its human‐to‐human transmission. However, the intermediate host of SARS‐CoV‐2 is still unclear. Finding the possible intermediate host of SARS‐CoV‐2 is imperative to prevent further spread of the epidemic. In this study, we used systematic comparison and analysis to predict the interaction between the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of coronavirus spike protein and the host receptor, angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The interaction between the key amino acids of S protein RBD and ACE2 indicated that, other than pangolins and snakes, as previously suggested, turtles (Chrysemys picta bellii, Chelonia mydas, and Pelodiscus sinensis ) may act as the potential intermediate hosts transmitting SARS‐CoV‐2 to humans.
Tập 92 Số 6 - Trang 595-601 - 2020
Overlapping and discrete aspects of the pathology and pathogenesis of the emerging human pathogenic coronaviruses SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV, and 2019‐nCoV Abstract First reported from Wuhan, The People's Republic of China, on 31 December 2019, the ongoing outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) causes great global concerns. Based on the advice of the International Health Regulations Emergency Committee and the fact that to date 24 other countries also reported cases, the WHO Director‐General declared that the outbreak of 2019‐nCoV constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020. Together with the other two highly pathogenic coronaviruses, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV), 2019‐nCov and other yet to be identified coronaviruses pose a global threat to public health. In this mini‐review, we provide a brief introduction to the pathology and pathogenesis of SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV and extrapolate this knowledge to the newly identified 2019‐nCoV.
Tập 92 Số 5 - Trang 491-494 - 2020
Clinical characteristics of 3062 COVID‐19 patients: A meta‐analysis Abstract We aimed to systematically review the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Seven databases were searched to collect studies about the clinical characteristics of COVID‐19 from January 1, 2020 to February 28, 2020. Then, meta‐analysis was performed by using Stata12.0 software. A total of 38 studies involving 3062 COVID‐19 patients were included. Meta‐analysis showed that a higher proportion of infected patients was male (56.9%). The incidence rate of respiratory failure or acute respiratory distress syndrome was 19.5% and the fatality rate was 5.5%. Fever (80.4%), fatigue (46%), cough (63.1%), and expectoration (41.8%) were the most common clinical manifestations. Other common symptoms included muscle soreness (33%), anorexia (38.8%), chest tightness (35.7%), shortness of breath (35%), dyspnea (33.9%). Minor symptoms included nausea and vomiting (10.2%), diarrhea (12.9%), headache (15.4%), pharyngalgia (13.1%), shivering (10.9%), and abdominal pain (4.4%). The proportion of patients that was asymptomatic was 11.9%. Normal leukocyte counts (69.7%), lymphopenia (56.5%), elevated C‐reactive protein levels (73.6%), elevated ESR (65.6%), and oxygenation index decreased (63.6%) were observed in most patients. About 37.2% of patients were found with elevated D‐dimer, 25.9% of patients with leukopenia, along with abnormal levels of liver function (29%), and renal function (25.5%). Other findings included leukocytosis (12.6%) and elevated procalcitonin (17.5%). Only 25.8% of patients had lesions involving a single lung and 75.7% of patients had lesions involving bilateral lungs. The most commonly experienced symptoms of COVID‐19 patients were fever, fatigue, cough, and expectoration. A relatively small percentage of patients were asymptomatic. Most patients showed normal leucocytes counts, lymphopenia, elevated levels of C‐reactive protein and ESR. Bilateral lung involvement was common.
Tập 92 Số 10 - Trang 1902-1914 - 2020
Rapid immunodiagnosis of active cytomegalovirus infection by monoclonal antibody staining of blood leucocytes Abstract The appearance of cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen positive blood leucocytes (CMV antigenaemia) was investigated in 52 renal transplant recipients during the first three months after transplantation. Using a mixture of three monoclonal antibodies, CMV (immediate early) antigens were detected in cytocentrifuged blood leucocytes within 3–5 h after sampling. The results were related to virus isolation from buffy coats (CMV viraemia), serology with a sensitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and clinical symptoms of CMV disease. The antigen test was positive in all 14 patients with CMV viraemia, in 25 out of 27 of patients with serological evidence of primary or secondary CMV infection, and in 2 out of 25 patients without active infection. In patients with a clinical CMV syndrome the presence of CMV antigen (CMV‐Ag) positive blood cells correspond with the period of signs and symptoms. CMV antigens were not detected in 23 out of 25 patients without active infection, nor in healthy controls and patients with other herpesvirus infections. CMV‐Ag positive blood cells appeared, on average, nine days before serological signs of active infection. This method provides a rapid and sensitive approach to CMV detection, enabling early clinical diagnosis and subsequent tapering of immunosuppression or commencement of antiviral therapy.
Tập 25 Số 2 - Trang 179-188 - 1988