Journal of Medical Virology
1096-9071
0146-6615
Mỹ
Cơ quản chủ quản: Wiley-Liss Inc. , WILEY
Lĩnh vực:
VirologyInfectious Diseases
Phân tích ảnh hưởng
Thông tin về tạp chí
Journal of Medical Virology provides a means of rapid publication of original scientific papers on fundamental as well as applied research concerning viruses affecting humans. These include reports describing the characterization, diagnosis, epidemiology, immunology and pathogenesis of human virus infections, as well as basic studies on virus morphology, genetics, replication and host-cell interactions.
Các bài báo tiêu biểu
Multicentric Castleman's disease treated with antivirals and immunosuppressants Abstract A patient negative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) developed multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD) and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) associated with active human herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8) infection. He was treated with sequential antiviral therapy, chemotherapy, and corticosteroids. HHV‐8 levels were monitored throughout the course of the patient's illness, and were found to rise on relapse. No consistent change in HHV‐8 levels was found with antiviral therapy. We demonstrate that in this patient antiviral therapy was clinically ineffective, and did not alter HHV‐8 levels, but that corticosteroid and combination chemotherapy led to clinical improvement. Despite the implication of HHV‐8 as a cause of MCD, few studies have correlated HHV‐8 levels with clinical response. J. Med. Virol. 71:399–403, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tập 71 Số 3 - Trang 399-403 - 2003
Molecular analysis and phylogenetic characterization of HIV in Iran
Tập 78 Số 7 - Trang 853-863 - 2006
Temporal trends in the HIV‐1 epidemic in Russia: Predominance of subtype A Abstract During the period 1996–1997, three highly homogeneous variants of HIV‐1 were identified, circulating among injecting drug users (IDUs) in the former Soviet Union republics. One of these belonged to HIV‐1 genetic subtype A (IDU‐A), another belonged to HIV‐1 genetic subtype B (IDU‐B) and the third was a recombinant between the first two variants (CRF03_AB). However, since 1997, the HIV‐1 epidemic has affected an increasing number of geographic regions in Russia. This study was undertaken to survey the prevailing genetic variants and to estimate the current proportions of these three HIV‐1 genetic subtypes in Russia. Blood samples were taken in 1999–2003 from 1090 HIV‐infected individuals and analysed by gag /env HMA. The IDU‐A variant was found to be the majority variant (89.7–100%) in 44 of 45 regions of the Russian Federation studied. The IDU‐A variant was also found to spreading rapidly through heterosexual transmission in 1999–2003 (30/34, 88%). CRF03_AB predominates in the Kaliningrad region only (28/29, 96.6%). The IDU‐B variant is currently of minor importance in the IDU epidemic but other European subtype B variants predominate among men having sex with men (18/18, 100%). Sequence analysis of the env V3 encoding regions derived from HIV‐1 infected individuals in Yekaterinburg (the main centre of the HIV‐1 epidemic in Russia in 2002–2003) showed that the IDU‐A variant is still highly homogeneous. The mean pairwise nucleotide distance (n = 9) was 2.89 ± 1.14 (range 1.36–6.14). However, the mean genetic distance between each sequence within the samples collected from the Yekaterinburg IDU‐A variant subset and the IDU‐A consensus is 2.51 ± 1.06 (range 1.36–4.66) and considerably higher than in South Russia in 1996 (0.79 ± 0.51, range 0.38–1.90). The current HIV‐1 epidemic in Russia is almost entirely caused by a highly homogeneous A‐subtype strain, which will influence vaccine development strategies and must be taken into account in the quality control of molecular tests for the diagnosis of HIV‐1. J. Med. Virol. 74:191–196, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tập 74 Số 2 - Trang 191-196 - 2004
Molecular epidemiology of recent HIV‐1 infections in southern Poland Abstract The genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) offers an opportunity to track the development of the epidemic across different populations. Viral pol gene fragments from 55 individuals of Polish origin with recent HIV‐1 infection identified in 2008–2010 in four Polish cities were analyzed. Viral sequences were compared with sequences from 100 individuals (reference group) infected before 2004. Viral spread among groups with different HIV transmission categories was compared using a phylogenetic approach. The majority of sequences from individuals with recent infection were subtype B (93%) within which four transmission clusters (18% of samples) were detected. Samples from men infected through sex between men and from persons infected through injecting drugs were broadly separated (P < 0.0001), while samples from individuals infected by heterosexual contacts were dispersed uniformly within phylogenetic tree (P = 0.244) inferred from viral sequences derived from individuals infected recently and the reference group. The percentage of samples from persons infected by heterosexual contacts which clustered with samples from men infected through sex between men was not significantly higher for those with recent infection (47%), compared to the reference group (36%). In conclusion, men infected by sex between men and individuals infected through injecting drugs appear to form separate HIV transmission networks in Poland. The recent spread of HIV‐1 among persons infected with subtype B by heterosexual contacts appears to be linked to both these groups. J. Med. Virol. 84:1857–1868, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tập 84 Số 12 - Trang 1857-1868 - 2012
Long‐term coexistence of SARS‐CoV‐2 with antibody response in COVID‐19 patients Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has spread worldwide. Whether antibodies are important for the adaptive immune responses against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection needs to be determined. Here, 26 cases of COVID‐19 in Jinan, China, were examined and shown to be mild or with common clinical symptoms, and no case of severe symptoms was found among these patients. Strikingly, a subset of these patients had SARS‐CoV‐2 and virus‐specific IgG coexist for an unexpectedly long time, with two cases for up to 50 days. One COVID‐19 patient who did not produce any SARS‐CoV‐2–bound IgG successfully cleared SARS‐CoV‐2 after 46 days of illness, revealing that without antibody‐mediated adaptive immunity, innate immunity alone may still be powerful enough to eliminate SARS‐CoV‐2. This report may provide a basis for further analysis of both innate and adaptive immunity in SARS‐CoV‐2 clearance, especially in nonsevere cases.
Tập 92 Số 9 - Trang 1684-1689 - 2020
Clearance and persistence of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in patients with COVID‐19 Abstract Patients with coronavirus disease‐2019 may be discharged based on clinical resolution of symptoms, and evidence for viral RNA clearance from the upper respiratory tract. Understanding the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) viral clearance profile is crucial to establish a re‐testing plan on discharge and ending isolation of patients. We aimed to evaluate the number of days that a patient needed to achieve undetectable levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 in upper respiratory tract specimens (nasopharyngeal swab and/or an oropharyngeal swab). The clearance and persistence of viral RNA was evaluated in two groups of positive patients: those who achieved two negative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) tests and those who kept testing positive. Patients were organized thereafter in two subgroups, mild illness patients discharged home and inpatients who had moderate to severe illness. Results from RT‐PCR tests were then correlated with results from the evaluation of the immune response. The study evidenced that most patients tested positive for more than 2 weeks and that persistence of viral RNA is not necessarily associated with severe disease but may result from a weaker immune response instead.
Tập 92 Số 10 - Trang 2227-2231 - 2020
The recent outbreak of acute and severe hepatitis of unknown etiology in children: A possible role of human adenovirus infection?
Tập 94 Số 9 - Trang 4065-4068 - 2022
Hepatitis B virus markers in anti‐HBc only positive individuals* Abstract Isolated reactivity to hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antigen (anti‐HBc) is observed relatively frequently in immunocompromised individuals, intravenous drug abusers (IVDA), and in the presence of HCV infection. The reason for the lack of HBsAg is not clear. The aim of the present study was to investigate which factors (genetic variability of S gene, low‐level HBsAg, and immune complexes may be responsible for the failure of HBsAg detection with commercial HBsAg screening assays. Dilution series of two recombinant HBsAg escape mutants and dilutions of serum samples from chronic HBV carriers with multiple insertions in the a determinant and different HBsAg subtypes were tested with a highly sensitive assay that detects wild‐type HBsAg (Elecsys HBsAg, Roche Diagnostics, Penzberg, Germany) and two assays that detect HBV wild‐type and escape mutants (Murex HBsAg Version 3, Murex and Enzygnost HBsAg 5.0, Dade Behring, Marburg, Germany). Elecsys HBsAg showed in comparison to Murex HBsAg Version 3 and Enzygnost HBsAg 5.0 a reduced sensitivity for escape mutant detection. On the other hand, the best performance for HBsAg subtype detection was obtained with Elecsys HBsAg. In the second part of the study, a selected panel of isolated anti‐HBc reactive (n = 104) serum samples (AxSYM Core) was submitted to testing by Elecsys HBsAg, Murex HBsAg Version 3, Enzygnost HBsAg 5.0, and HBsAg detection after immune complex dissociation (ICD) and anti‐HBs determination with two different assays (AxSYM Ausab and Elecsys Anti‐HBs). To assess the specificity of anti‐HBc test results, all the samples were tested by a second anti‐HBc assay (Elecsys Anti‐HBc). Quantitative HBV DNA detection was undertaken with a commercially available HBV PCR assay (Amplicor HBV Monitor). HCV infection was present in 65.4% of anti‐HBc only reactive individuals. Five AxSYM Core positive samples were negative by Elecsys Anti‐HBc. Overall, 15 (14.4%) AxSYM Ausab negative samples gave positive results with Elecsys Anti‐HBs (median value: 21 IU/ml). No low‐level HBsAg carrier was detected among the isolated anti‐HBc reactive individuals with Elecsys HBsAg. There was no evidence for the presence of immune complexes. Only one sample was repeatedly reactive by the Murex HBsAg, suggesting that the a mutant form of HBsAg was responsible for the isolated anti‐HBc reactivity, however neutralisation assay was not interpretable and HBV DNA PCR was negative. Fifteen (14.4%) anti‐HBc only positive individuals were HBV DNA carriers with concentrations ranging from 800 to more than >4,000,000 copies of viral DNA/ml. In conclusion, the most probable explanations for isolated anti‐HBc reactivity in our study group are a possible interference of HBsAg synthesis by HCV infection (65.4%) and divergence of results of anti‐HBs assays (14.4%). There is no evidence for the presence of low‐level HBsAg carriers and immune complexes. HBsAg mutants cannot be excluded definitively by the test strategy used in the present evaluation. J. Med. Virol. 64:312–319, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tập 64 Số 3 - Trang 312-319 - 2001
A rare case of immune thrombocytopenic purpura, secondary to COVID‐19
Tập 92 Số 11 - Trang 2358-2360 - 2020