Norwalk virus: How infectious is it?

Journal of Medical Virology - Tập 80 Số 8 - Trang 1468-1476 - 2008
Peter Teunis1,2, Christine L. Moe2, Pengbo Liu2, Sara Miller3, Lisa C. Lindesmith4, Ralph S. Baric4, Jacques Le Pendu5, Rebecca L. Calderon6
1RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
2Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
3Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
4Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
5INSERM, U982, Nantes University, Nantes, Nantes, France
6Human Studies Division, Office of Research & Development, USEPA, Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Tóm tắt

AbstractNoroviruses are major agents of viral gastroenteritis worldwide. The infectivity of Norwalk virus, the prototype norovirus, has been studied in susceptible human volunteers. A new variant of the hit theory model of microbial infection was developed to estimate the variation in Norwalk virus infectivity, as well as the degree of virus aggregation, consistent with independent (electron microscopic) observations. Explicit modeling of viral aggregation allows us to express virus infectivity per single infectious unit (particle). Comparison of a primary and a secondary inoculum showed that passage through a human host does not change Norwalk virus infectivity. We estimate the average probability of infection for a single Norwalk virus particle to be close to 0.5, exceeding that reported for any other virus studied to date. Infected subjects had a dose‐dependent probability of becoming ill, ranging from 0.1 (at a dose of 103 NV genomes) to 0.7 (at 108 virus genomes). A norovirus dose response model is important for understanding its transmission and essential for development of a quantitative risk model. Norwalk virus is a valuable model system to study virulence because genetic factors are known for both complete and partial protection; the latter can be quantitatively described as heterogeneity in dose response models. J. Med. Virol. 80:1468–1476, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Journal of Medical Virology

Tập 80 Số 8

1468-1476

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