Journal of Intellectual Disability Research
0964-2633
1365-2788
Anh Quốc
Cơ quản chủ quản: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd , WILEY
Lĩnh vực:
NeurologyArts and Humanities (miscellaneous)Neurology (clinical)Psychiatry and Mental HealthRehabilitation
Các bài báo tiêu biểu
The impact of behaviour problems on caregiver stress in young people with autism spectrum disorders Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to examine the correlates of caregiver stress in a large sample of young people with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Two main objectives were to: (1) disentangle the effects of behaviour problems and level of functioning on caregiver stress; and (2) measure the stability of behaviour problems and caregiver stress.Methods Parents or teachers of 293 young people with ASDs completed measures of stress, behaviour problems and social competence. Parents also completed an adaptive behaviour scale. Eighty‐one young people were rated twice at a 1‐year interval.Results Parents and teachers did not perfectly agree on the nature and severity of behaviour problems. However, both sets of ratings indicated that behaviour problems were strongly associated with stress. Conduct problems in particular were significant predictors of stress. Adaptive skills were not significantly associated with caregiver stress. Parental reports of behaviour problems and stress were quite stable over the 1‐year interval, much more so than teacher reports. Parent ratings suggested that behaviour problems and stress exacerbated each other over time. This transactional model did not fit the teacher data.Conclusion Results of this study suggested that it is a specific group of externalized behaviours that are the most strongly associated with both parent and teacher stress. Results were discussed from methodological and conceptual perspectives.
Tập 50 Số 3 - Trang 172-183 - 2006
Syndrome specificity and behavioural disorders in young adults with intellectual disability: cultural differences in family impact Abstract Background This study examined whether behaviour problems and adaptive behaviour of low functioning young adults, and well‐being of their families, varied by diagnostic syndrome [intellectual disability (ID) only, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, autism], as well as by cultural group.Methods Behaviour disorders in young adults with moderate to severe ID were assessed from information provided by 282 caregivers during in‐home interviews. The sample consisted of 150 Anglo participants, and 132 Latino, primarily Spanish‐speaking, participants drawn from Southern California.Results Behaviour disorders and maternal well‐being showed the same pattern across disability syndromes. Autism was associated with the highest scores in multiple behaviour problem areas as well as maternal reports of lower well‐being. Down syndrome was associated with the lowest behaviour problem scores and the highest maternal well‐being. When behaviour problems were controlled for, diagnostic groups accounted for no additional variance in maternal stress or depression. The pattern of behaviour problems and well‐being did not differ by sample (Anglo vs. Latino), although level on well‐being measures did. Latina mothers reported significantly higher depression symptoms and lower morale, but also higher positive impact from their child than did Anglo mothers.Conclusions Caregivers of young adults with autism report more maladaptive behaviour problems and lower personal well‐being, or stress, relative to other diagnostic groups, regardless of cultural group. However, cultural differences exist in caregiver reports of depression, morale, and positive perceptions. Implications for service provision aimed at families of children with challenging behaviour problems are discussed in the context of culture.
Tập 50 Số 3 - Trang 184-198 - 2006
Moving from the quality of life concept to a theory Abstract Background The Special Interest Quality of Life Group has updated its set of statements defining the quality of life (QOL) construct to reflect emerging areas of agreement and the framework for understanding better the QOL construct.Method This article examines the major areas currently under discussion involving the objective–subjective dichotomy, needs, and core domains.Results It is concluded that while the new statements constitute a significant advance, further progress requires testable theory. In order to facilitate such future research, a conceptual model is proposed that distinguishes causal and indicator variables within the framework of a homeostatic management system.Conclusion Several lines of empirical investigation are suggested to test this and similar theoretical models with a view to taking our conceptualization of QOL to the next level.
Tập 49 Số 10 - Trang 699-706 - 2005
Clumsiness in autism and Asperger syndrome: a further report Clumsiness has been proposed as a diagnostic feature of Asperger syndrome (AS), a type of pervasive developmental disorder recently introduced in the ICD‐10 and DSM‐IV. However, the extent to which this symptom is specific to AS is not clear. To investigate this issue, we compared a sample of AS children with age‐ and sex‐matched groups of children with autistic disorder and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDDNOS). Twelve subjects with AS (ICD‐10/DSM‐IV; 11 males; average age 11.4 years; mean full‐scale IQ 104.9) were compared with 12 subjects with autistic disorder (DSM‐III‐R; 11 males; average age 10.3 years; mean full‐scale IQ 78.4) and 12 subjects with PDDNOS (DSM‐III‐R; 10 males; average age 10.1 years; mean full‐scale IQ 78.2). The BruininksOseretsky test, a standardized test of motor coordination, was administered blind by the same investigator to all the three groups. While coordination deficits were found in all three groups, children with AS were found to be less impaired than those with autistic disorder and PDDNOS. However, no significant relationship was found between coordination scores and diagnosis after adjusting for the level of intelligence. These findings suggest that some patients with AS may be less clumsy than those with autistic disorder and that this difference may be the result of their higher level of intelligence. Studies based on larger samples using multiple measures of coordination are needed to further clarify the role of clumsiness in the classification of pervasive developmental disorders.
Tập 42 Số 1 - Trang 43-48 - 1998
Executive function in adolescents with Down Syndrome Abstract Background The present work is aimed at analysing executive function (EF) in adolescents with Down Syndrome (DS). So far, EF has been analysed mainly in adults with DS, showing a pattern of impairment. However, less is known about children and adolescents with this syndrome. Studying adolescents with DS might help us better understand whether performances on EF tasks of individuals with DS are determined by age or by Alzheimer disease, as some studies suggest, or whether their performances are directly related to DS cognitive profile.Method A battery of EF tasks assessing set shifting, planning/problem‐solving, working memory, inhibition/perseveration and fluency, as well as a tasks assessing sustained attention has been administered to a group of 15 adolescents with DS and 15 typically developing children matched for mental age. All EF tasks were selected from previous studies with individuals with intellectual disabilities or from developmental literature and are thought to be useful for the samples considered.Results The present results revealed that the group of individuals with DS performed at a significantly lower level on tasks assessing set shifting, planning/problem‐solving, working memory and inhibition/perseveration, but not on the tasks assessing fluency. In addition, individuals with DS demonstrated a greater number of errors and less strategy use for the sustained attention task.Conclusions The results suggest a broad impairment in EF in adolescents with DS, and are consistent with several similar studies conducted with adults with DS. We assume that EF deficit is a characteristic of DS.
Tập 54 Số 4 - Trang 308-319 - 2010
Health characteristics and health services utilization in older adults with intellectual disability living in community residences Abstract Background The health status and health needs of adults with intellectual disability (ID) change with advancing age, and are often accompanied by difficulties with vision, hearing, mobility, stamina and some mental processes.Aim The present study collected health status information on a large cohort of adults with ID aged ≥ 40 years living in small group, community‐based residences in two representative areas of New York State, USA.Method Adult group home residents with ID aged between 40 and 79 years (n = 1371) were surveyed to determine their health status and patterns of morbidity.Results Most subjects were characterized as being in good health. The frequency of cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and respiratory conditions, and sensory impairments increased with age, while neurological, endocrine and dermatological diseases did not. Psychiatric and behavioural disorders declined with increasing age, at least through 70 years of age. Although most conditions increased with age, their frequency varied by sex and level of ID. Frequencies of age‐related organ system morbidity were compared to data from the National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey III. It was found that adults with ID had a lower overall reported frequency of cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, and adult‐onset diabetes. Inconsistencies with mortality data among older adults with ID were observed (which showed equal if not greater prevalence of deaths as a result of cardiovascular disease and cancer).Conclusion These results suggest that either a cohort effect is operating (i.e. contemporary populations are healthier than previous populations), or that there may be under‐recognition of select risk factors and diseases.
Tập 46 Số 4 - Trang 287-298 - 2002
Dementia and mortality in persons with Down’s syndrome Abstract Background Numerous studies have documented that persons with Down’s syndrome (DS) are at an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, at present it is still not clear whether or not all persons with DS will develop dementia as they reach old age.Methods We studied 506 people with DS, aged 45 years and above. A standardized assessment of cognitive, functional and physical status was repeated annually. If deterioration occurred, the patients were examined and the differential diagnosis of dementia was made according to the revised Dutch consensus protocol and according to the ICD‐10 Symptom Checklist for Mental Disorders. We compared our findings with those reported in the literature.Results The overall prevalence of dementia was 16.8%. Up to the age of 60, the prevalence of dementia doubled with each 5‐year interval. Up to the age of 49, the prevalence is 8.9%, from 50 to 54, it is 17.7%, and from 55 to 59, it is 32.1%. In the age category of 60 and above, there is a small decrease in prevalence of dementia to 25.6%. The lack of increase after the age of 60 may be explained by the increased mortality among elderly demented DS patients (44.4%) in comparison with non‐demented patients (10.7%) who we observed during a 3.3‐year follow‐up. There was no decrease in incidence of dementia in the age group of 60 and above. Our findings are very similar to those published in the literature. Patients with dementia were more frequently treated with antiepileptic, antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs. The history of depression was strongly associated with dementia.Conclusions Our study is one of the largest population‐based studies to date. We found that despite the exponential increase in prevalence with age, the prevalence of dementia in the oldest persons with DS was not higher than 25.6%.
Tập 50 Số 10 - Trang 768-777 - 2006
A survey of sleep problems in autism, Asperger's disorder and typically developing children Abstract Background Sleep problems are common in typically developing (TD) children and in children with autism, however, less is known about the sleep of children with Asperger's disorder (AD). The aim of this study was to compare sleep patterns of children with autism and AD to a TD group of children.Methods Sixty‐six parents of TD children, 53 parents of children with autism, and 52 parents of children with AD completed a survey on their child's sleep patterns, the nature and severity of any sleep problems and success of any treatment attempted.Results The results showed high prevalence of sleep problems with significantly more problems reported in the autism and AD groups (TD = 50%, autism = 73%, AD = 73%), with no significant differences between groups on severity or type of sleep problem. Children with AD were significantly more likely to be sluggish and disoriented after waking and had a higher Behavioral Evaluation of Disorders of Sleep (BEDS) total score compared to the other two groups. The autism and AD groups reported significantly better treatment success for medication compared to the TD group. The autism group reported significantly better success for behavioural treatment compared to the AD group.Conclusions In conclusion, children with AD may have more symptoms of sleep disturbance, and different types of sleep problems than children with autism. As this is the first study to compare autism and AD and to survey treatment outcomes, further research is needed to validate these findings.
Tập 49 Số 4 - Trang 260-268 - 2005
Cause-specific mortality of people with intellectual disability in a population-based, 35-year follow-up study
Tập 45 Số 1 - Trang 30-40 - 2001
Intellectual abilities in a large sample of children with Velo–Cardio–Facial Syndrome: an update Abstract Background Learning disabilities are one of the most consistently reported features in Velo–Cardio–Facial Syndrome (VCFS). Earlier reports on IQ in children with VCFS were, however, limited by small sample sizes and ascertainment biases. The aim of the present study was therefore to replicate these earlier findings and to investigate intellectual abilities in a large sample of children with VCFS. In addition, we aimed to identify factors that may contribute to within‐syndrome variability in cognitive performance, such as the mode of inheritance of the deletion, sex, the presence of a heart defect and psychiatric morbidity.Method IQ data of 103 children with VCFS (56 males, 47 females) were collected. Psychiatric diagnosis was additionally recorded.Results Children with VCFS had a mean full‐scale IQ (FSIQ) of 73.48 (range: 50–109). There were no effects of sex, presence of a heart defect and psychiatric condition on intellectual profile. Inheritance of the deletion affected cognitive performance in VCFS, with children with familial deletions having significant lower FSIQ than children with a de novo deletion.Conclusions Learning disabilities are very common in children with VCFS, although marked within syndrome variability is noted. One factor contributing to this variability seems to be the mode of inheritance of the deletion.
Tập 51 Số 9 - Trang 666-670 - 2007