Visual Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis and its Animal Model, Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: a Review

Molecular Neurobiology - Tập 58 - Trang 3484-3493 - 2021
Taekyun Shin1, Meejung Ahn2, Jeongtae Kim3, Kyungsook Jung4, Changjong Moon5, Moon-Doo Kim6
1College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
2Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
3Department of Anatomy, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
4Functional Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea
5Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
6Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea

Tóm tắt

Visual disabilities in central nervous system autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), are important symptoms. Past studies have focused on neuro-inflammatory changes and demyelination in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord. In MS, neuro-inflammatory lesions have been diagnosed in the visual pathway; the lesions may perturb visual function. Similarly, neuropathological changes in the retina and optic nerves have been found in animals with chronic EAE. Although the retina and optic nerves are immunologically privileged sites via the blood–retina barrier and blood–brain barrier, respectively, inflammation can occur via other routes, such as the uvea (e.g., iris and choroid) and cerebrospinal fluid in the meninges. This review primarily addresses the direct involvement of the blood–retina barrier and the blood–brain barrier in the development of retinitis and optic neuritis in EAE models. Additional routes, including pro-inflammatory mediator-filled choroidal and subarachnoid spaces, are also discussed with respect to their roles in EAE-induced visual disability and as analogues of MS in humans.

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Molecular Neurobiology

Tập 58

3484-3493

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