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Publisher Correction to: Fungal Biology and Biotechnology, volume 6
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 6 - Trang 1-1 - 2019
An error occurred during the publication of a number of articles in Fungal Biology and Biotechnology. Several articles were published in volume 6 with a duplicate citation number.
Kiểm soát sinh học Fusarium equiseti bằng cách sử dụng nanoparticle chitosan kết hợp với Trichoderma longibrachiatum và Penicillium polonicum Dịch bởi AI
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 10 - Trang 1-8 - 2023
Một phương pháp kiểm soát sinh học an toàn và thân thiện với môi trường đối với Fusarium equiseti đã được phát triển dựa trên các nanoparticle chitosan (CNPs) kết hợp với Trichoderma longibrachiatum và Penicillium polonicum. Hai chủng của F. equiseti được phân lập từ cây cà chua bị héo, cũng như ba nấm đối kháng bao gồm Trichoderma longibrachiatum và hai chủng của Penicillium polonicum được phân lập từ đất xung quanh. Tất cả các nấm gây bệnh và nấm đối kháng được phân loại dựa trên chuỗi DNA gen. Hoạt tính kháng nấm của ba nấm đối kháng đã được nghiên cứu chống lại hai chủng của F. equiseti. Ngoài ra, CNPs được chuẩn bị theo phương pháp gel hóa ion sử dụng anion sodium tripolyphosphate trong dung dịch axit axetic được sử dụng để tăng cường hoạt tính kháng nấm của ba nấm đối kháng. Kết quả cho thấy sự kết hợp của T. longibrachiatum với CNPs và P. polonicum với CNPs đạt được hoạt tính kháng nấm cao đối với F. equiseti với tỷ lệ ức chế lần lượt là 71.05% và 66.7%.
#Phân lập #Fusarium equiseti #nanoparticle chitosan #Trichoderma longibrachiatum #Penicillium polonicum #hoạt tính kháng nấm
Let microorganisms do the talking, let us talk more about microorganisms
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 3 - Trang 1-7 - 2016
Microorganisms are of uttermost importance, yet in the eyes of the general public they are often associated with dirt and diseases. At the same time, microbiologists have access to and comprehensive knowledge of just a tiny minority of the microbial diversity existing in nature. In this commentary, we present these issues of public misconception and scientific limitations and their possible consequences, and propose ways to overcome them. A particular interest is directed toward the secondary metabolism of filamentous fungi as well as novel outreach activities, including so-called “science slams” and interactions between the arts and the sciences, to raise awareness about the relevance of microorganisms.
Extracellular vesicles from the apoplastic fungal wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 7 - Trang 1-14 - 2020
The fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici is a significant constraint to wheat production in temperate cropping regions around the world. Despite its agronomic impacts, the mechanisms allowing the pathogen to asymptomatically invade and grow in the apoplast of wheat leaves before causing extensive host cell death remain elusive. Given recent evidence of extracellular vesicles (EVs)—secreted, membrane-bound nanoparticles containing molecular cargo—being implicated in extracellular communication between plants and fungal pathogen, we have initiated an in vitro investigation of EVs from this apoplastic fungal wheat pathogen. We aimed to isolate EVs from Z. tritici broth cultures and examine their protein composition in relation to the soluble protein in the culture filtrate and to existing fungal EV proteomes. Zymoseptoria tritici EVs were isolated from broth culture filtrates using differential ultracentrifugation (DUC) and examined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Z. tritici EVs were observed as a heterogeneous population of particles, with most between 50 and 250 nm. These particles were found in abundance in the culture filtrates of viable Z. tritici cultures, but not heat-killed cultures incubated for an equivalent time and of comparable biomass. Bottom-up proteomic analysis using LC–MS/MS, followed by stringent filtering revealed 240 Z. tritici EV proteins. These proteins were distinct from soluble proteins identified in Z. tritici culture filtrates, but were similar to proteins identified in EVs from other fungi, based on sequence similarity analyses. Notably, a putative marker protein recently identified in Candida albicans EVs was also consistently detected in Z. tritici EVs. We have shown EVs can be isolated from the devastating fungal wheat pathogen Z. tritici and are similar to protein composition to previously characterised fungal EVs. EVs from human pathogenic fungi are implicated in virulence, but the role of EVs in the interaction of phytopathogenic fungi and their hosts is unknown. These in vitro analyses provide a basis for expanding investigations of Z. tritici EVs in planta, to examine their involvement in the infection process of this apoplastic wheat pathogen and more broadly, advance understanding of noncanonical secretion in filamentous plant pathogens.
Electrical response of fungi to changing moisture contentAbstract
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 10 Số 1
Mycelium-bound composites are potential alternatives to conventional materials for a variety of applications, including thermal and acoustic building panels and product packaging. If the reactions of live mycelium to environmental conditions and stimuli are taken into account, it is possible to create functioning fungal materials. Thus, active building components, sensory wearables, etc. might be created. This research describes the electrical sensitivity of fungus to changes in the moisture content of a mycelium-bound composite. Trains of electrical spikes initiate spontaneously in fresh mycelium-bound composites with a moisture content between
State of the art, recent advances, and challenges in the field of fungal mycelium materials: a snapshot of the 2021 Mini Meeting
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 8 - Trang 1-5 - 2021
Material development based on fungal mycelium is a fast-rising field of study as researchers, industry, and society actively search for new sustainable materials to address contemporary material challenges. The compelling potential of fungal mycelium materials is currently being explored in relation to various applications, including construction, packaging, “meatless” meat, and leather-like textiles. Here, we highlight the discussions and outcomes from a recent 1-day conference on the topic of fungal mycelium materials (“Fungal Mycelium Materials Mini Meeting”), where a group of researchers from diverse academic disciplines met to discuss the current state of the art, their visions for the future of the material, and thoughts on the challenges surrounding widescale implementation.
Functional exploration of co-expression networks identifies a nexus for modulating protein and citric acid titres in Aspergillus niger submerged culture
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 6 - Trang 1-18 - 2019
Filamentous fungal cell factories are used to produce numerous proteins, enzymes, and organic acids. Protein secretion and filamentous growth are tightly coupled at the hyphal tip. Additionally, both these processes require ATP and amino acid precursors derived from the citric acid cycle. Despite this interconnection of organic acid production and protein secretion/filamentous growth, few studies in fungi have identified genes which may concomitantly impact all three processes. We applied a novel screen of a global co-expression network in the cell factory Aspergillus niger to identify candidate genes which may concomitantly impact macromorphology, and protein/organic acid fermentation. This identified genes predicted to encode the Golgi localized ArfA GTPase activating protein (GAP, AgeB), and ArfA guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs SecG and GeaB) to be co-expressed with citric acid cycle genes. Consequently, we used CRISPR-based genome editing to place the titratable Tet-on expression system upstream of ageB, secG, and geaB in A. niger. Functional analysis revealed that ageB and geaB are essential whereas secG was dispensable for early filamentous growth. Next, gene expression was titrated during submerged cultivations under conditions for either protein or organic acid production. ArfA regulators played varied and culture-dependent roles on pellet formation. Notably, ageB or geaB expression levels had major impacts on protein secretion, whereas secG was dispensable. In contrast, reduced expression of each predicted ArfA regulator resulted in an absence of citric acid in growth media. Finally, titrated expression of either GEFs resulted in an increase in oxaloacetic acid concentrations in supernatants. Our data suggest that the Golgi may play an underappreciated role in modulating organic acid titres during industrial applications, and that this is SecG, GeaB and AgeB dependent in A. niger. These data may lead to novel avenues for strain optimization in filamentous fungi for improved protein and organic acid titres.
Heterologous and endogenous U6 snRNA promoters enable CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing in Aspergillus niger
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 5 - Trang 1-9 - 2018
U6 promoters have been used for single guide RNA (sgRNA) transcription in the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas9) genome editing system. However, no available U6 promoters have been identified in Aspergillus niger, which is an important industrial platform for organic acid and protein production. Two CRISPR/Cas9 systems established in A. niger have recourse to the RNA polymerase II promoter or in vitro transcription for sgRNA synthesis, but these approaches generally increase cloning efforts and genetic manipulation. The validation of functional RNA polymerase II promoters is therefore an urgent need for A. niger. Here, we developed a novel CRISPR/Cas9 system in A. niger for sgRNA expression, based on one endogenous U6 promoter and two heterologous U6 promoters. The three tested U6 promoters enabled sgRNA transcription and the disruption of the polyketide synthase albA gene in A. niger. Furthermore, this system enabled highly efficient gene insertion at the targeted genome loci in A. niger using donor DNAs with homologous arms as short as 40-bp. This study demonstrated that both heterologous and endogenous U6 promoters were functional for sgRNA expression in A. niger. Based on this result, a novel and simple CRISPR/Cas9 toolbox was established in A. niger, that will benefit future gene functional analysis and genome editing.
Những tiến bộ gần đây trong bối cảnh sở hữu trí tuệ của nấm phát sợi Dịch bởi AI Tóm tắt
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - - 2020
Trong suốt nhiều thế kỷ, nấm phát sợi đã được sử dụng trong sản xuất thực phẩm và đồ uống, và trong vài thập kỷ qua, trong việc sản xuất enzyme và dược phẩm. Trong những thập kỷ gần đây, bối cảnh sở hữu trí tuệ (IP) liên quan đến công nghệ nấm đã chứng kiến một xu hướng tăng trưởng liên tục, giới thiệu những ứng dụng mới đầy hứa hẹn từ việc sử dụng nấm. Trong bài tổng quan này, chúng tôi làm nổi bật các đơn đăng ký sáng chế liên quan đến nấm được công bố trong 5 năm qua (2015–2020), xác định các nhân tố chính trong từng lĩnh vực, và phân tích xu hướng tương lai. Những phát triển mới trong lĩnh vực công nghệ nấm bao gồm việc tăng cường sử dụng nấm phát sợi như một nguồn thực phẩm (mycoprotein), sử dụng nấm làm vật liệu phân hủy sinh học, trong xử lý nước thải, trong các nhà máy sinh học tích hợp và như là tác nhân sinh học kiểm soát dịch hại. Các công ty công nghệ sinh học ở châu Âu và Mỹ hiện đang dẫn đầu về số lượng bằng sáng chế trong những lĩnh vực này, nhưng các công ty và viện nghiên cứu ở châu Á, đặc biệt là ở Trung Quốc, đang trở thành những nhân tố quan trọng ngày càng tăng, chẳng hạn như trong bào chế thuốc trừ sâu và thực hành nông nghiệp.
DC-SIGN targets amphotericin B-loaded liposomes to diverse pathogenic fungi
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - - 2021
Life-threatening invasive fungal infections are treated with antifungal drugs such as Amphotericin B (AmB) loaded liposomes. Our goal herein was to show that targeting liposomal AmB to fungal cells with the C-type lectin pathogen recognition receptor DC-SIGN improves antifungal activity. DC-SIGN binds variously crosslinked mannose-rich and fucosylated glycans and lipomannans that are expressed by helminth, protist, fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens including three of the most life-threatening fungi, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. Ligand recognition by human DC-SIGN is provided by a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) linked to the membrane transit and signaling sequences. Different combinations of the eight neck repeats (NR1 to NR8) expressed in different protein isoforms may alter the orientation of the CRD to enhance its binding to different glycans. We prepared two recombinant isoforms combining the CRD with NR1 and NR2 in isoform DCS12 and with NR7 and NR8 in isoform DCS78 and coupled them to a lipid carrier. These constructs were inserted into the membrane of pegylated AmB loaded liposomes AmB-LLs to produce DCS12-AmB-LLs and DCS78-AmB-LLs. Relative to AmB-LLs and Bovine Serum Albumin coated BSA-AmB-LLs, DCS12-AmB-LLs and DCS78-AmB-LLs bound more efficiently to the exopolysaccharide matrices produced by A. fumigatus, C. albicans and C. neoformans in vitro, with DCS12-AmB-LLs performing better than DCS78-AmB-LLs. DCS12-AmB-LLs inhibited and/or killed all three species in vitro significantly better than AmB-LLs or BSA-AmB-LLs. In mouse models of invasive candidiasis and pulmonary aspergillosis, one low dose of DCS12-AmB-LLs significantly reduced the fungal burden in the kidneys and lungs, respectively, several-fold relative to AmB-LLs. DC-SIGN’s CRD specifically targeted antifungal liposomes to three highly evolutionarily diverse pathogenic fungi and enhanced the antifungal efficacy of liposomal AmB both in vitro and in vivo. Targeting significantly reduced the effective dose of antifungal drug, which may reduce drug toxicity, be effective in overcoming dose dependent drug resistance, and more effectively kill persister cells. In addition to fungi, DC-SIGN targeting of liposomal packaged anti-infectives have the potential to alter treatment paradigms for a wide variety of pathogens from different kingdoms including protozoans, helminths, bacteria, and viruses which express its cognate ligands.
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