Megan Barnden, Jan Allison, William R. Heath, Federico Carbone
We describe the generation of ovalbumin (OVA)‐specific, MHC class II‐restricted αβ T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice. Initial attempts at generating these transgenic mice utilized heterologous regulatory elements to drive the expression of cDNA genes encoding the separate α‐ and β‐chains of the TCR. Unexpectedly, T cells bearing the transgenic αβ TCR failed to emerge from the thymus in...... hiện toàn bộ
SummaryAllogeneic reactions have conventionally been considered as typical immune responses by one population of cells to antigens present on the other. This view is inadequate, since it does not explain many features of these reactions, among which are: (1) reactivity is much higher between different strains within a species than between species, in spite of the m...... hiện toàn bộ
SummaryHyaluronan is a major component of synovial tissue and fluid as well as other soft connective tissues. It is a high‐Mr polysaccharide which forms entangled networks already at dilute concentrations (< 1 mg/mL) and endows its solutions with unique rheological properties. Physiological functions of hyaluronan (lubrication, water h...... hiện toàn bộ
Fluorescent dyes are increasingly being exploited to track lymphocyte migration and proliferation. The present paper reviews the properties and performance of some 14 different fluorescent dyes that have been used during the last 20 years to monitor lymphocyte migration. Of the 14 dyes discussed, two stand out as being the most versatile in terms of long‐term tracking of lymphocytes and th...... hiện toàn bộ
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway that is characterized by cellular infiltration and activation. These processes are induced by overexpression of chemokines and cytokines, such as eotaxin, IL‐1β and GM‐CSF. These mediators are downstream targets for the transcription factors activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), which control the expression of most ...... hiện toàn bộ
Jian Yin, Nicholas Shackel, Amany Zekry, Peter H. McGuinness, Craig Richards, Karien Van Der Putten, Geoffrey W. McCaughan, Josette Eris, G. Alex Bishop
Phản ứng chuỗi polymerase (RT–PCR) trong thời gian thực là phương pháp được lựa chọn để đo lường nhanh chóng và tái sản xuất được nồng độ biểu hiện của cytokine hoặc yếu tố tăng trưởng trong các mẫu nhỏ. Các phương pháp phát hiện huỳnh quang để theo dõi PCR trong thời gian thực bao gồm các mồi huỳnh quang được gán nhãn với thuốc nhuộm báo cáo và thuốc nhuộm quenching, chẳng hạn như các mồi...... hiện toàn bộ
#RT–PCR #cytokine #yếu tố tăng trưởng #mồi huỳnh quang #SYBR Green I
Engagement of the cell death surface receptor Fas by Fas ligand (FasL) results in apoptotic cell death, mediated by caspase activation. Cell death mediated via Fas/FasL interaction is important for homeostasis of cells in the immune system and for maintaining immune‐privileged sites in the body. Killing via the Fas/FasL pathway also constitutes an important pathway of killing for cytotoxic...... hiện toàn bộ
Experimental visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by infection with Leishmania donovani results in the development of organ‐specific immunity in the two main target tissues of infection, the spleen and the liver. The liver is the site of an acute resolving infection associated with the development of inflammatory granulomas around infected Kupffer cells, and resist...... hiện toàn bộ
In airways, mast cells lie adjacent to nerves, blood vessels and lymphatics, which highlights their pivotal importance in regulating allergic inflammatory processes. In asthma, mast cells are predominantly activated by IgE receptor cross linking. In response to activation, preformed mediators that are stored bound to proteoglycans, for example, TNF‐α, IL‐4, IL‐13, histamine, tryptase and c...... hiện toàn bộ
The Toll/IL‐1 receptor (TIR) domain plays a central role in Toll‐like receptor (TLR) signalling. All TLRs contain a cytoplasmic TIR domain, which, upon activation, acts as a scaffold to recruit adaptor proteins. The adaptor proteins MyD88, Mal, TRIF, TRAM and SARM are also characterized by the presence of a TIR domain. MyD88, Mal, TRIF and TRAM associate with the TLRs via homophilic TIR do...... hiện toàn bộ