Human and Experimental Toxicology
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ToxicologyMedicine (miscellaneous)Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Các bài báo tiêu biểu
Defining hormesis
Tập 21 Số 2 - Trang 91-97 - 2002
Much confusion surrounds the concept of hormesis and what its biological meaning
represents. This paper provides a definition of hormesis that addresses its
historical foundations, quantitative features, and under-lying evolutionary and
toxicologically based mechanistic strategies. Hormesis should be considered an
adaptive response characterized by biphasic dose responses of generally similar
quan...
Particulate matter properties and health effects: consistency of epidemiological and toxicological studies
Tập 25 Số 10 - Trang 559-579 - 2006
Identifying the ambient particulate matter (PM) fractions or constituents,
critically involved in eliciting adverse health effects, is crucial to the
implementation of more cost-efficient abatement strategies to improve air
quality. This review focuses on the importance of different particle properties
for PM-induced effects, and whether there is consistency in the results from
epidemiological and...
Arsenic neurotoxicity — A review
Tập 26 Số 10 - Trang 823-832 - 2007
Arsenic (As) is one of the oldest poisons known to men. Its applications
throughout history are wide and varied: murder, make-up, paint and even as a
pesticide. Chronic As toxicity is a global environmental health problem,
affecting millions of people in the USA and Germany to Bangladesh and Taiwan.
Worldwide, As is released into the environment by smelting of various metals,
combustion of fossil ...
The toxicity of cyanobacterial toxins in the mouse: I Microcystin-LR
Tập 18 Số 3 - Trang 162-167 - 1999
Blooms of cyanobacteria or blue-green algae are known to have caused poisoning
in fish, waterfowl, animals and man. One of the toxins responsible for this is
the hepatotoxin microcystin-LR which has been found to occur in blooms present
intermittently in sources used for domestic water supplies. Three sets of
experiments were undertaken to investigate the acute toxicity of microcystin-LR
in mice a...
Cyanide: critical issues in diagnosis and treatment
Tập 26 Số 3 - Trang 191-201 - 2007
The concern of a terrorist attack using cyanide, as well as the gradual
awareness of cyanide poisoning in fire victims, has resulted in a renewed
interest in the diagnosis and treatment of cyanide poisoning. The formerly
academic presentation of cyanide poisoning must be replaced by more useful
knowledge, which will allow emergency physicians and rescue workers to strongly
suspect cyanide poisonin...
Defining a tolerable concentration of methanol in alcoholic drinks
Tập 20 Số 11 - Trang 563-568 - 2001
Methanol, a potent toxicant in humans, occurs naturally at a low level in most
alcoholic beverages without causing harm. However, illicit drinks made from
“industrial methylated spirits” [5% (v/v) methanol:95% (v/v) ethanol] can cause
severe and even fatal illness. Since documentation of a no-adverse-effect level
for methanol is nonexistent in the literature a key question, from the public
health ...
Reappraisal of indications and limitations of oxime therapy in organophosphate poisoning
Tập 16 Số 8 - Trang 466-472 - 1997
1 In vitro studies with human erythrocyte acetylcholin esterase (AChE) and the
mouse diaphragm model were performed to unravel the various microscopic reaction
parameters that contribute to the dynamic equilibrium of AChE inhibition, ageing
and reactivation. These data may help to define more precisely the indications
and limitations of oxime therapy in organophosphate (OP) poisoning. 2
Diethylpho...
Toxicokinetics of Paraquat in Humans
Tập 9 Số 1 - Trang 5-12 - 1990
1 The toxicokinetics of paraquat were studied in 18 cases of acute human
poisoning using a specific radioimmunoassay. Plasma paraquat concentration
exhibited a mean distribution half-life ( t½ α) of 5 h and a mean elimination
half-life ( t½ β) of 84 h. Cardiovascular collapse supervened early during the
course of the intoxication and was associated with the distribution phase. Death
related to pul...
Terminalia chebula (fruit) prevents liver toxicity caused by sub-chronic administration of rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide in combination
Tập 25 Số 3 - Trang 111-118 - 2006
Terminalia chebula Gertn. (Combetraceae) is an important herbal drug in
Ayurvedic pharmacopea. In the present study, a 95% ethanolic extract of T.
chebula (fruit) (TC extract), which was chemically characterized on the basis of
chebuloside II as a marker, was investigated for hepatoprotective activity
against anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drug-induced toxicity. TC extract was found
to prevent the he...
Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Dioxins on Growth and Development
Tập 13 Số 12 - Trang 900-906 - 1994
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins are potentially toxic compounds
which occur widely in the environment. Their effects on the growth and
development of infants at the levels currently found in highly industrialised
western countries is not well known. This Dutch multicenter study, combining
animal and human studies, tries to answer this question. Animal studies showed
that PCB 169, give...