Human and Experimental Toxicology

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Cyanide: critical issues in diagnosis and treatment
Human and Experimental Toxicology - Tập 26 Số 3 - Trang 191-201 - 2007
Frédéric J. Baud
The concern of a terrorist attack using cyanide, as well as the gradual awareness of cyanide poisoning in fire victims, has resulted in a renewed interest in the diagnosis and treatment of cyanide poisoning. The formerly academic presentation of cyanide poisoning must be replaced by more useful knowledge, which will allow emergency physicians and rescue workers to strongly suspect cyanide poisonin... hiện toàn bộ
N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) induced apoptosis dependent on Fas/FasL complex in human leukocytes
Human and Experimental Toxicology - Tập 38 Số 5 - Trang 578-587 - 2019
Agnieszka Iwaniuk, Kamil Grubczak, Wioletta Ratajczak–Wrona, Marzena Garley, Karolina Nowak, Ewa Jabłońska
Objective:To investigate the mechanism of apoptosis dependent on the Fas/FasL (Fas ligand) complex in the presence of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in human leukocytes.Methods:Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated form whole blood by density centrifugation. The concentration of NDMA was assessed by cellular toxicity assay. Apoptotic cells... hiện toàn bộ
Melatonin ameliorates oxidative stress and reproductive toxicity induced by cyclophosphamide in male mice
Human and Experimental Toxicology - Tập 33 Số 2 - Trang 185-195 - 2014
Aroona Chabra, Mohammad Shokrzadeh, Farshad Naghshvar, Fatemeh Salehi, Amirhossein Ahmadi
The present study evaluated the efficacy of melatonin in cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced testicular injury, lipid peroxidative damage, and antioxidant enzymes status of the mice testis on the basis of biochemical and histological studies. Mice were pretreated with four different doses of melatonin (2.5, 5, 10, and, 20 mg/kg by body weight (b.w.)) via intraperitoneal injection for five consecutive da... hiện toàn bộ
Toxicokinetics of Paraquat in Humans
Human and Experimental Toxicology - Tập 9 Số 1 - Trang 5-12 - 1990
Pascal Houzé, Frédéric J. Baud, Richard Mouy, C Bismuth, R Bourdon, J M Scherrmann
1 The toxicokinetics of paraquat were studied in 18 cases of acute human poisoning using a specific radioimmunoassay. Plasma paraquat concentration exhibited a mean distribution half-life ( t½ α) of 5 h and a mean elimination half-life ( t½ β) of 84 h. Cardiovascular collapse supervened early during the course of the intoxication and was associated with the distribution phase. Death related to pul... hiện toàn bộ
Effects of exposure to pesticides during pregnancy on placental maturity and weight of newborns: A cross-sectional pilot study in women from the Chihuahua State, Mexico
Human and Experimental Toxicology - Tập 28 Số 8 - Trang 451-459 - 2009
Brenda L. Acosta‐Maldonado, Blanca Sánchez‐Ramírez, Sandra A. Reza‐López, Margarita Levario‐Carrillo
It is known that pesticides cross the placental barrier and can cause alterations in the development of placental structures resulting in adverse effects in reproduction. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of pesticide exposure during pregnancy on placental maturity and to evaluate the relationship between placental maturity, gestational age and birth weight. We collected... hiện toàn bộ
The toxicity of cyanobacterial toxins in the mouse: I Microcystin-LR
Human and Experimental Toxicology - Tập 18 Số 3 - Trang 162-167 - 1999
John Fawell, Robin E. Mitchell, David J. Everett, R E Hill
Blooms of cyanobacteria or blue-green algae are known to have caused poisoning in fish, waterfowl, animals and man. One of the toxins responsible for this is the hepatotoxin microcystin-LR which has been found to occur in blooms present intermittently in sources used for domestic water supplies. Three sets of experiments were undertaken to investigate the acute toxicity of microcystin-LR in mice a... hiện toàn bộ
Protective effect of gallic acid on alloxan-induced oxidative stress and osmotic fragility in rats
Human and Experimental Toxicology - Tập 33 Số 6 - Trang 638-649 - 2014
Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar, RS Vijayakumar, Pachamuthu Vanitha, Natarajan Suganya, C. Manjula, P. Rajaguru, S Sivasubramanian, P. Gunasekaran
In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant effect of gallic acid (GA) on membrane lipid peroxidation and osmotic fragility in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. GA was administered orally at doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg body weight for 45 days, after which liver and kidney tissues were analyzed for the degree of lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, and the activities of antioxida... hiện toàn bộ
Toxicity following accidental ingestion of Aconitum containing Chinese remedy
Human and Experimental Toxicology - Tập 15 Số 10 - Trang 839-842 - 1996
ST Kolev, P Léman, Geoffrey C. Kite, Philip C. Stevenson, Debbie Shaw, Vsg Murray
Various species of Aconitum are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. These plants are known to contain highly potent cardiotoxins. A 22 year old Chinese male accidentally ingested a herbal liniment prepared from Aconitum with near fatal results. His ventricular tachyarrhythmias responded to standard treatment in cluding the use of i.v. magnesium.
Fluoride-induced apoptosis in human epithelial lung cells (A549 cells): role of different G protein-linked signal systems
Human and Experimental Toxicology - Tập 22 Số 3 - Trang 111-123 - 2003
Magne Refsnes, Per E. Schwarze, Jørn A. Holme, Marit Laêg
In the present study, possible mechanisms involved in fluoride-induced apoptosis in a human epithelial lung cell line (A549) were examined. Sodium fluoride (NaF) induced apoptosis in the A549 cells, with a maximum at 5-7.5 mM after 20 hours of exposure. The number of cells with plasma membrane damage (PI-positive cells) increased moderately up to 5 mM, but markedly at 7.5 mM. Deferoxamine (an Al3 ... hiện toàn bộ
Defining a tolerable concentration of methanol in alcoholic drinks
Human and Experimental Toxicology - Tập 20 Số 11 - Trang 563-568 - 2001
Alan J. Paine, A.D. Dayan
Methanol, a potent toxicant in humans, occurs naturally at a low level in most alcoholic beverages without causing harm. However, illicit drinks made from “industrial methylated spirits” [5% (v/v) methanol:95% (v/v) ethanol] can cause severe and even fatal illness. Since documentation of a no-adverse-effect level for methanol is nonexistent in the literature a key question, from the public health ... hiện toàn bộ
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