Caries Research
0008-6568
1421-976X
Thụy Sĩ
Cơ quản chủ quản: S. Karger AG , KARGER
Lĩnh vực:
Dentistry (miscellaneous)
Các bài báo tiêu biểu
Matrix Metalloproteinases and Other Matrix Proteinases in Relation to Cariology: The Era of ‘Dentin Degradomics' Dentin organic matrix, with type I collagen as the main component, is exposed after demineralization in dentinal caries, erosion or acidic conditioning during adhesive composite restorative treatment. This exposed matrix is prone to slow hydrolytic degradation by host collagenolytic enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cysteine cathepsins. Here we review the recent findings demonstrating that inhibition of salivary or dentin endogenous collagenolytic enzymes may provide preventive means against progression of caries or erosion, just as they have been shown to retain the integrity and improve the longevity of resin composite filling bonding to dentin. This paper also presents the case that the organic matrix in caries-affected dentin may not be preserved as intact as previously considered. In partially demineralized dentin, MMPs and cysteine cathepsins with the ability to cleave off the terminal non-helical ends of collagen molecules (telopeptides) may lead to the gradual loss of intramolecular gap areas. This would seriously compromise the matrix ability for intrafibrillar remineralization, which is considered essential in restoring the dentin's mechanical properties. More detailed data of the enzymes responsible and their detailed function in dentin-destructive conditions may not only help to find new and better preventive means, but better preservation of demineralized dentin collagenous matrix may also facilitate true biological remineralization for the better restoration of tooth structural and mechanical integrity and mechanical properties.
Tập 49 Số 3 - Trang 193-208 - 2015
Biology of <i>Streptococcus mutans-</i>Derived Glucosyltransferases: Role in Extracellular Matrix Formation of Cariogenic Biofilms The importance of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> in the etiology and pathogenesis of dental caries is certainly controversial, in part because excessive attention is paid to the numbers of <i>S. mutans </i>and acid production while the matrix within dental plaque has been neglected. <i>S. mutans</i> does not always dominate within plaque; many organisms are equally acidogenic and aciduric. It is also recognized that glucosyltransferases from <i>S. mutans</i> (Gtfs) play critical roles in the development of virulent dental plaque. Gtfs adsorb to enamel synthesizing glucans in situ, providing sites for avid colonization by microorganisms and an insoluble matrix for plaque. Gtfs also adsorb to surfaces of other oral microorganisms converting them to glucan producers. <i>S. mutans</i> expresses 3 genetically distinct Gtfs; each appears to play a different but overlapping role in the formation of virulent plaque. GtfC is adsorbed to enamel within pellicle whereas GtfB binds avidly to bacteria promoting tight cell clustering, and enhancing cohesion of plaque. GtfD forms a soluble, readily metabolizable polysaccharide and acts as a primer for GtfB. The behavior of soluble Gtfs does not mirror that observed with surface-adsorbed enzymes. Furthermore, the structure of polysaccharide matrix changes over time as a result of the action of mutanases and dextranases within plaque. Gtfs at distinct loci offer chemotherapeutic targets to prevent caries. Nevertheless, agents that inhibit Gtfs in solution frequently have a reduced or no effect on adsorbed enzymes. Clearly, conformational changes and reactions of Gtfs on surfaces are complex and modulate the pathogenesis of dental caries in situ, deserving further investigation.
Tập 45 Số 1 - Trang 69-86 - 2011
The Role of Diet in the Aetiology of Dental Erosion Acids of intrinsic and extrinsic origin are thought to be the main etiologic factors for dental erosion. There is evidence that acidic foodstuffs and beverages play a role in the development of erosion. However, the pH of a dietary substance alone is not predictive of its potential to cause erosion as other factors modify the erosive process. These factors are chemical (pK<sub>a </sub>values, adhesion and chelating properties, calcium, phosphate and fluoride content), behavioural (eating and drinking habits, life style, excessive consumption of acids) and biological (flow rate, buffering capacity, composition of saliva, pellicle formation, tooth composition, dental and soft tissue anatomy). The interplay between erosion and abrasion (specially oral hygiene practices) may be the main driver leading to the clinical manifestation of this disorder. Recommendations for patients at risk for dental erosion such as reducing acid exposure by reducing the frequency and contact of acids will be discussed.
Tập 38 Số Suppl. 1 - Trang 34-44 - 2004
Alternating Demineralization and Remineralization of Artificial Enamel Lesions
Tập 16 Số 3 - Trang 201-210 - 1982
Caries Ecology Revisited: Microbial Dynamics and the Caries Process In this essay we propose an extension of the caries ecological hypothesis to explain the relation between dynamic changes in the phenotypic/genotypic properties of plaque bacteria and the demineralization/remineralization balance of the caries process. Dental plaque represents a microbial ecosystem in which non-mutans bacteria (mainly non-mutans streptococci and <i>Actinomyces</i>) are the key microorganisms responsible for maintaining dynamic stability on the tooth surface (dynamic stability stage). Microbial acid adaptation and subsequent acid selection of ‘low-pH’ non-mutans bacteria play a critical role for destabilizing the homeostasis of the plaque by facilitating a shift of the demineralization/remineralization balance from ‘net mineral gain’ to ‘net mineral loss’ (acidogenic stage). Once the acidic environment has been established, mutans streptococci and other aciduric bacteria may increase and promote lesion development by sustaining an environment characterized by ‘net mineral loss’ (aciduric stage). Hence, high proportions of mutans streptococci and/or other aciduric bacteria may be considered biomarkers of sites of particularly rapid caries progression. This cascade of events may change the surface texture of caries lesions from smooth to rough (enamel) or hard to soft (dentin). These clinical surface features can be reversed at any stage of lesion development provided that the acidogenic/aciduric properties of the biofilm are resolved. From an ecological point of view it is therefore not only important to describe which bacteria are involved in caries, but also to know what the bacteria are doing.
Tập 42 Số 6 - Trang 409-418 - 2008
Reproducibility and Accuracy of the ICDAS-II for Detection of Occlusal Caries in vitro <i>Aim:</i> The aim of this study was to assess inter- and intra-examiner reproducibility and accuracy in the detection and assessment of occlusal caries in extracted human teeth using a newly developed visual method for caries diagnosis (International Caries Detection and Assessment System, ICDAS-II). Serial sectioning and microscopy were used as the ‘gold standard’. <i>Methods:</i> The occlusal surfaces of 100 teeth were examined by 4 dentists using the ICDAS-II graded scores 0–6. Thereafter the teeth were serially sectioned and assessed for depth of the lesion with two histological classification systems. <i>Results:</i> The weighted kappa values for inter- and intra-examiner reproducibility for the ICDAS-II examination were 0.62–0.83. There was a moderate relationship between the visual and both histological examinations (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.43–0.72). At the D1 diagnostic threshold (enamel and dentine lesions) specificity was 0.74–0.91 and sensitivity was 0.59–0.73. At the D3 diagnostic threshold (dentine lesions) specificity was 0.82–0.94 and sensitivity was 0.48–0.83 for the 4 examiners. <i>Conclusion:</i> The ICDAS-II system has demonstrated reproducibility and diagnostic accuracy for the detection of occlusal caries at varying stages of the disease process which are comparable to previously reported data using similar visual classification systems.
Tập 42 Số 2 - Trang 79-87 - 2008
Feasibility of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II) in Epidemiological Surveys and Comparability with Standard World Health Organization Criteria This study evaluated the feasibility of using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II) in epidemiological surveys and compared ICDAS with WHO criteria. Two hundred and fifty-two children (36–59 months old) in Amparo, Brazil, were each examined by 2 examiners using ICDAS-II or WHO criteria. Dmf-t, dmf-s, caries prevalence and examination time were calculated using both systems. ICDAS-II was comparable to standard criteria when the cut-off point was score 3. Examination by ICDAS-II took twice as long as by WHO criteria. In conclusion, ICDAS-II, besides providing information on non-cavitated caries lesions, can generate data comparable to previous surveys which used WHO criteria.
Tập 43 Số 4 - Trang 245-249 - 2009
Relative Rates of Progress of Artificial Carious Lesions in Bovine, Ovine and Human Enamel
Tập 15 Số 1 - Trang 109-114 - 1981