Exergaming cho đào tạo thăng bằng ở người cao tuổi: hiện trạng và phát triển trong tương lai

Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation - Tập 10 - Trang 1-12 - 2013
Mike van Diest1,2, Claudine JC Lamoth2, Jan Stegenga1, Gijsbertus J Verkerke3,4, Klaas Postema3
1INCAS, Dr. Nassaulaan 9, The Netherlands
2Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
3Center for Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
4Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Tóm tắt

Chấn thương do ngã gây ra sự suy giảm thể chất, tàn tật nghiêm trọng và mất khả năng độc lập ở người cao tuổi. Kiểm soát tư thế kém được coi là một trong những yếu tố nguy cơ chính dẫn đến ngã, nhưng có thể được rèn luyện trong các chương trình phòng ngừa ngã. Tuy nhiên, vấn đề này gặp phải tình trạng tuân thủ liệu pháp thấp, đặc biệt khi mục tiêu chính là phòng ngừa. Để cung cấp một môi trường đào tạo thú vị và khuyến khích cho người cao tuổi, các trò chơi thể dục, hay còn gọi là exergames, đã được nghiên cứu như các công cụ đào tạo thăng bằng trong những năm qua. Bài báo hiện tại tổng hợp các hiệu ứng của các chương trình đào tạo exergame đối với kiểm soát tư thế ở người cao tuổi đã được báo cáo cho đến nay. Ngoài ra, chúng tôi cũng nhằm cung cấp một cuộc thảo luận sâu sắc về các công nghệ và biện pháp kết quả được sử dụng trong các nghiên cứu về exergame. Mười ba bài báo đã được đưa vào phân tích. Hầu hết các nghiên cứu được xem xét đã báo cáo những kết quả tích cực liên quan đến việc cải thiện khả năng thăng bằng sau một khoảng thời gian đào tạo, tuy nhiên chỉ có ít nghiên cứu đạt được các mức độ có ý nghĩa thống kê. Các biện pháp kết quả để định lượng kiểm soát tư thế đang trong tình trạng tranh luận liên tục và không có tiêu chuẩn vàng nào được áp dụng. Các biện pháp lâm sàng được sử dụng trong các nghiên cứu được xem xét đã được xác thực tốt nhưng chỉ cung cấp một chỉ số toàn cầu về khả năng thăng bằng. Các biện pháp bằng dụng cụ không thể phát hiện được những thay đổi nhỏ trong khả năng thăng bằng vì chúng chủ yếu dựa vào việc tính toán các thống kê tổng hợp, do đó bỏ qua cấu trúc thời gian biến đổi của các tín hiệu. Cả hai phương pháp chỉ cho phép đo lường thăng bằng sau chương trình can thiệp exergame. Các phát triển hiện tại trong công nghệ cảm biến cho phép ghi lại chính xác các chuyển động và phân tích nhanh các tín hiệu. Chúng tôi đề xuất định lượng cấu trúc thời gian biến đổi của kiểm soát tư thế trong quá trình chơi trò chơi bằng cách sử dụng các hệ thống cảm biến chi phí thấp. Việc giám sát liên tục khả năng thăng bằng sẽ giúp người dùng không nhận ra các phép đo và cho phép tạo ra các chương trình đào tạo exergame và phản hồi cụ thể cho từng người dùng, cả trong một trò chơi và trong khoảng thời gian từ tuần đến tháng. Cách tiếp cận này là độc đáo và mở ra tiềm năng chưa được khai thác của các trò chơi thể dục như là các công cụ đào tạo thăng bằng cho người cao tuổi sống ở cộng đồng.

Từ khóa

#exergame #đào tạo thăng bằng #người cao tuổi #công nghệ cảm biến #phòng ngừa ngã

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Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation

Tập 10

1-12

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