Perspectives là gì? Các công bố khoa học về Perspectives

The concept of "perspectives" is vital in psychology, sociology, and philosophy for interpreting the world. Psychological perspectives, such as behavioral, cognitive, and humanistic, focus on understanding human thought and behavior. Sociocultural perspectives examine how society and culture influence behavior, emphasizing norms and collective identity. Philosophical perspectives like empiricism and rationalism explore knowledge acquisition. Recognizing diverse perspectives is key for innovation, conflict resolution, and fostering intercultural understanding. Multiple viewpoints enhance critical thinking, problem-solving, and inclusivity, ultimately leading to societal development and personal growth.

Introduction to Perspectives

In the broad landscapes of psychology, sociology, and philosophy, the term "perspectives" plays a pivotal role in understanding how individuals and groups interpret the world around them. Perspectives significantly influence thoughts, behaviors, cultures, and societal norms. This article explores the various realms where perspectives are fundamentally impactful and delineates their importance across different fields of study.

Psychological Perspectives

Psychology is one of the fields where perspectives are extensively developed and utilized. They are frameworks that psychologists use to understand human thought and behavior.

Behavioral Perspective

The behavioral perspective focuses on observable behaviors, positing that all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment. Key figures include John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner, who pioneered studies on conditioning and reinforcement.

Cognitive Perspective

The cognitive perspective examines internal mental processes such as thinking, perception, memory, and problem-solving. It argues that how we process information affects how we behave. Jean Piaget and Aaron Beck are notable contributors to this perspective.

Humanistic Perspective

This perspective emphasizes individual potential and the importance of growth and self-actualization. Humanistic psychology emerged as a reaction to both the psychoanalytic and behaviorist perspectives. Key theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.

Sociocultural Perspectives

Sociocultural perspectives focus on the influence of society and culture on human behavior. They assert that human behavior is a product of both individual and collective identity.

Cultural Norms and Values

Culturally derived perspectives shape what is considered acceptable within a society. Norms and values are transmitted through socialization processes and influence attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.

Collective Behavior

Collective behavior examines how individual behaviors can change in a group setting. Concepts such as groupthink, social facilitation, and deindividuation are crucial in understanding how group perspectives influence individual actions.

Philosophical Perspectives

Philosophy deals with fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Various philosophical perspectives provide different lenses through which these questions are considered.

Empiricism

Empiricism asserts that knowledge comes primarily from sensory experience. Pioneered by philosophers like John Locke, it emphasizes the role of experience and evidence in forming ideas, over innate ideas or traditions.

Rationalism

In contrast, rationalism holds that reason and intellect are the primary sources of knowledge. Rene Descartes is a prominent rationalist philosopher who famously stated, "Cogito, ergo sum" (I think, therefore I am).

The Importance of Multiple Perspectives

Understanding and integrating multiple perspectives is crucial for innovation, conflict resolution, and social progress. In an increasingly interconnected world, appreciating diverse viewpoints fosters intercultural understanding and cooperation.

Critical Thinking and Problem Solving

Employing diverse perspectives enhances critical thinking. By considering different viewpoints, individuals and organizations can challenge assumptions and develop more comprehensive solutions to complex problems.

Diversity and Inclusion

Organizations that embrace multiple perspectives often experience enhanced creativity and innovation. Diverse teams bring varied approaches to problem-solving, which can lead to more effective and sustainable outcomes.

Conclusion

Perspectives, whether psychological, sociocultural, or philosophical, profoundly influence how we understand and interact with the world. Recognizing the benefits of multiple perspectives can lead to a more nuanced and inclusive approach to both individual and collective challenges. As such, fostering an environment where diverse perspectives are valued is critical for ongoing personal and societal development.

Danh sách công bố khoa học về chủ đề "perspectives":

Representation Learning: A Review and New Perspectives
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence - Tập 35 Số 8 - Trang 1798-1828 - 2013
KEGG: new perspectives on genomes, pathways, diseases and drugs
Nucleic Acids Research - Tập 45 Số D1 - Trang D353-D361 - 2017
Machine learning: Trends, perspectives, and prospects
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) - Tập 349 Số 6245 - Trang 255-260 - 2015
Machine learning addresses the question of how to build computers that improve automatically through experience. It is one of today’s most rapidly growing technical fields, lying at the intersection of computer science and statistics, and at the core of artificial intelligence and data science. Recent progress in machine learning has been driven both by the development of new learning algorithms and theory and by the ongoing explosion in the availability of online data and low-cost computation. The adoption of data-intensive machine-learning methods can be found throughout science, technology and commerce, leading to more evidence-based decision-making across many walks of life, including health care, manufacturing, education, financial modeling, policing, and marketing.
Studies and Perspectives of Protein Kinase C
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) - Tập 233 Số 4761 - Trang 305-312 - 1986
Protein kinase C, an enzyme that is activated by the receptor-mediated hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids, relays information in the form of a variety of extracellular signals across the membrane to regulate many Ca 2+ -dependent processes. At an early phase of cellular responses, the enzyme appears to have a dual effect, providing positive forward as well as negative feedback controls over various steps of its own and other signaling pathways, such as the receptors that are coupled to inositol phospholipid hydrolysis and those of some growth factors. In biological systems, a positive signal is frequently followed by immediate negative feedback regulation. Such a novel role of this protein kinase system seems to give a logical basis for clarifying the biochemical mechanism of signal transduction, and to add a new dimension essential to our understanding of cell-to-cell communication.
Electrocatalysis for the oxygen evolution reaction: recent development and future perspectives
Chemical Society Reviews - Tập 46 Số 2 - Trang 337-365

We review the fundamental aspects of metal oxides, metal chalcogenides and metal pnictides as effective electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction.

New Perspectives in Cell Adhesion: RGD and Integrins
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) - Tập 238 Số 4826 - Trang 491-497 - 1987
Rapid progress has been made in the understanding of the molecular interactions that result in cell adhesion. Many adhesive proteins present in extracellular matrices and in the blood contain the tripeptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) as their cell recognition site. These proteins include fibronectin, vitronectin, osteopontin, collagens, thrombospondin, fibrinogen, and von Willebrand factor. The RGD sequences of each of the adhesive proteins are recognized by at least one member of a family of structurally related receptors, integrins, which are heterodimeric proteins with two membrane-spanning subunits. Some of these receptors bind to the RGD sequence of a single adhesion protein only, whereas others recognize groups of them. The conformation of the RGD sequence in the individual proteins may be critical to this recognition specificity. On the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane, the receptors connect the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton. More than ten proved or suspected RGD-containing adhesion-promoting proteins have already been identified, and the integrin family includes at least as many receptors recognizing these proteins. Together, the adhesion proteins and their receptors constitute a versatile recognition system providing cells with anchorage, traction for migration, and signals for polarity, position, differentiation, and possibly growth.
Chronic kidney disease: global dimension and perspectives
The Lancet - Tập 382 Số 9888 - Trang 260-272 - 2013
Microalgal triacylglycerols as feedstocks for biofuel production: perspectives and advances
Plant Journal - Tập 54 Số 4 - Trang 621-639 - 2008
SummaryMicroalgae represent an exceptionally diverse but highly specialized group of micro‐organisms adapted to various ecological habitats. Many microalgae have the ability to produce substantial amounts (e.g. 20–50% dry cell weight) of triacylglycerols (TAG) as a storage lipid under photo‐oxidative stress or other adverse environmental conditions. Fatty acids, the building blocks for TAGs and all other cellular lipids, are synthesized in the chloroplast using a single set of enzymes, of which acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) is key in regulating fatty acid synthesis rates. However, the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis is poorly understood in microalgae. Synthesis and sequestration of TAG into cytosolic lipid bodies appear to be a protective mechanism by which algal cells cope with stress conditions, but little is known about regulation of TAG formation at the molecular and cellular level. While the concept of using microalgae as an alternative and renewable source of lipid‐rich biomass feedstock for biofuels has been explored over the past few decades, a scalable, commercially viable system has yet to emerge. Today, the production of algal oil is primarily confined to high‐value specialty oils with nutritional value, rather than commodity oils for biofuel. This review provides a brief summary of the current knowledge on oleaginous algae and their fatty acid and TAG biosynthesis, algal model systems and genomic approaches to a better understanding of TAG production, and a historical perspective and path forward for microalgae‐based biofuel research and commercialization.
Joint ventures: Theoretical and empirical perspectives
Strategic Management Journal - Tập 9 Số 4 - Trang 319-332 - 1988
AbstractThis paper compares the perspectives of transaction costs and strategic behavior in explaining the motivation to joint venture. In addition, a theory of joint ventures as an instrument of organizational learning is proposed and developed. Existing studies of joint ventures are examined in light of these theories. Data on the sectoral distribution and stability of joint ventures are presented.
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