Reviews of Geophysics
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Relations among subduction parameters
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 24 Số 2 - Trang 217-284 - 1986
Clues to the dynamics of the subduction process are found in the many measurable
parameters of modern subduction zones. Based on a critical appraisal of the
geophysical and geological literature, 26 parameters are estimated for each of
39 modern subduction zones. To isolate causal relationships among these
parameters, multivariate analysis is applied to this data set. This analysis
yields empirica...
Recent advances in understanding secondary organic aerosol: Implications for global climate forcing
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 55 Số 2 - Trang 509-559 - 2017
AbstractAnthropogenic emissions and land use changes have modified atmospheric
aerosol concentrations and size distributions over time. Understanding
preindustrial conditions and changes in organic aerosol due to anthropogenic
activities is important because these features (1) influence estimates of
aerosol radiative forcing and (2) can confound estimates of the historical
response of climate to i...
On the North Atlantic Circulation
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 31 Số 1 - Trang 29-49 - 1993
A new, speculative, and, we hope, provocative summary of the North Atlantic
circulation is described, including both horizontal currents (wind‐driven) and
the primarily (thermohaline) meridional flows that involve the transformation of
warm to cold water at high latitudes. Our picture is based on a synthesis of a
variety of independent investigations that are contained in the literature as
opposed...
Retrieval of atmospheric temperature and composition from remote measurements of thermal radiation
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 14 Số 4 - Trang 609-624 - 1976
This paper reviews the methods which may be used to estimate the state of the
atmosphere, i.e., the distribution of temperature and composition, from
measurements of emitted thermal radiation such as are made by remote sounding
instruments on satellites. The principles of estimation theory are applied to a
linear version of the problem, and it is shown that many of the apparently
different methods...
Environmental magnetism: Principles and applications
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 50 Số 4 - 2012
In environmental magnetism, rock and mineral magnetic techniques are used to
investigate the formation, transportation, deposition, and postdepositional
alterations of magnetic minerals under the influences of a wide range of
environmental processes. All materials respond in some way to an applied
magnetic field, and iron‐bearing minerals are sensitive to a range of
environmental processes, which ...
Nature and composition of the continental crust: A lower crustal perspective
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 33 Số 3 - Trang 267-309 - 1995
Geophysical, petrological, and geochemical data provide important clues about
the composition of the deep continental crust. On the basis of seismic
refraction data, we divide the crust into type sections associated with
different tectonic provinces. Each shows a three‐layer crust consisting of
upper, middle, and lower crust, in which P wave velocities increase
progressively with depth. There is l...
Entrainment of bed material by Earth‐surface mass flows: Review and reformulation of depth‐integrated theory
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 53 Số 1 - Trang 27-58 - 2015
AbstractEarth‐surface mass flows such as debris flows, rock avalanches, and
dam‐break floods can grow greatly in size and destructive potential by
entraining bed material they encounter. Increasing use of depth‐integrated mass
and momentum conservation equations to model these erosive flows motivates a
review of the underlying theory. Our review indicates that many existing models
apply depth‐inte...
The physics of debris flows
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 35 Số 3 - Trang 245-296 - 1997
Recent advances in theory and experimentation motivate a thorough reassessment
of the physics of debris flows. Analyses of flows of dry, granular solids and
solid‐fluid mixtures provide a foundation for a comprehensive debris flow
theory, and experiments provide data that reveal the strengths and limitations
of theoretical models. Both debris flow materials and dry granular materials can
sustain s...
Phytoplankton bloom dynamics in coastal ecosystems: A review with some general lessons from sustained investigation of San Francisco Bay, California
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 34 Số 2 - Trang 127-168 - 1996
Phytoplankton blooms are prominent features of biological variability in shallow
coastal ecosystems such as estuaries, lagoons, bays, and tidal rivers. Long‐term
observation and research in San Francisco Bay illustrates some patterns of
phytoplankton spatial and temporal variability and the underlying mechanisms of
this variability. Blooms are events of rapid production and accumulation of
phytopl...
Convectively coupled equatorial waves
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 47 Số 2 - 2009
Convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs) control a substantial fraction of
tropical rainfall variability. Their horizontal structures and dispersion
characteristics correspond to Matsuno's (1966) solutions of the shallow water
equations on an equatorial beta plane, namely, Kelvin, equatorial Rossby, mixed
Rossby‐gravity, and inertio‐gravity waves. Because of moist processes, the
tilted vertic...
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