Reviews of Geophysics

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Some basic stress diffusion solutions for fluid‐saturated elastic porous media with compressible constituents
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 14 Số 2 - Trang 227-241 - 1976
J. R. Rice, M. P. Cleary
This is a study of the formulation, some basic solutions, and applications of the Biot linearized quasistatic elasticity theory of fluid‐infiltrated porous materials. Whereas most previously solved problems are based on idealizing the fluid and solid constituents as separately incompressible, full account is taken here of constituent compressibility. Previous studies are reviewed and the B...... hiện toàn bộ
The role of ballistic erosion and sedimentation in lunar stratigraphy
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 13 Số 2 - Trang 337-362 - 1975
V. R. Oberbeck
Many of the lunar surface formations have been emplaced by impact craters. Two mechanisms have been proposed for transport of crater ejecta; both the base surge and ballistic transport mechanisms are reviewed in this paper. Formation of base surges associated with underwater and underground explosion craters and with volcanic events all require the presence of an atmosphere in the area whe...... hiện toàn bộ
Physical properties of hydrate‐bearing sediments
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 47 Số 4 - 2009
William F. Waite, J. Carlos Santamarina, Douglas D. Cortes, Brandon Dugan, D. Nicolás Espinoza, John T. Germaine, Jaewon Jang, Jongwon Jung, Timothy J. Kneafsey, Hosung Shin, Kenichi Soga, William J. Winters, Tae Sup Yun
Methane gas hydrates, crystalline inclusion compounds formed from methane and water, are found in marine continental margin and permafrost sediments worldwide. This article reviews the current understanding of phenomena involved in gas hydrate formation and the physical properties of hydrate‐bearing sediments. Formation phenomena include pore‐scale habit, solubility, spatial variability, a...... hiện toàn bộ
Centered and eccentric geomagnetic dipoles and their poles, 1600–1985
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 25 Số 1 - Trang 1-16 - 1987
A. C. Fraser‐Smith
Using a unified approach, expressions are derived for the various pole positions and other dipole parameters for the centered and eccentric dipole models of the earth's magnetic field. The pole positions and other parameters are then calculated using the 1945–1985 International Geomagnetic Reference Field Gauss coefficients and coefficients from models of the earth's field for earlier epoc...... hiện toàn bộ
Relations among subduction parameters
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 24 Số 2 - Trang 217-284 - 1986
Richard D. Jarrard
Clues to the dynamics of the subduction process are found in the many measurable parameters of modern subduction zones. Based on a critical appraisal of the geophysical and geological literature, 26 parameters are estimated for each of 39 modern subduction zones. To isolate causal relationships among these parameters, multivariate analysis is applied to this data set. This analysis yields ...... hiện toàn bộ
Recent advances in understanding secondary organic aerosol: Implications for global climate forcing
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 55 Số 2 - Trang 509-559 - 2017
Manish Shrivastava, Christopher D. Cappa, Jiwen Fan, A. H. Goldstein, Alex Guenther, J. L. Jiménez, Alexander Laskin, Scot T. Martin, N. L. Ng, Tuukka Petäjä, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Philip J. Rasch, Pontus Roldin, John H. Seinfeld, B. Schmid, James N. Smith, Joel A. Thornton, Rainer Volkamer, Jian Wang, Douglas R. Worsnop, R. A. Zaveri, Alla Zelenyuk, Qi Zhang
AbstractAnthropogenic emissions and land use changes have modified atmospheric aerosol concentrations and size distributions over time. Understanding preindustrial conditions and changes in organic aerosol due to anthropogenic activities is important because these features (1) influence estimates of aerosol radiative forcing and (2) can confound estimates of the hi...... hiện toàn bộ
On the North Atlantic Circulation
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 31 Số 1 - Trang 29-49 - 1993
William J. Schmitz, Michael S. McCartney
A new, speculative, and, we hope, provocative summary of the North Atlantic circulation is described, including both horizontal currents (wind‐driven) and the primarily (thermohaline) meridional flows that involve the transformation of warm to cold water at high latitudes. Our picture is based on a synthesis of a variety of independent investigations that are contained in the literature as...... hiện toàn bộ
Retrieval of atmospheric temperature and composition from remote measurements of thermal radiation
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 14 Số 4 - Trang 609-624 - 1976
C. D. Rodgers
This paper reviews the methods which may be used to estimate the state of the atmosphere, i.e., the distribution of temperature and composition, from measurements of emitted thermal radiation such as are made by remote sounding instruments on satellites. The principles of estimation theory are applied to a linear version of the problem, and it is shown that many of the apparently different...... hiện toàn bộ
Environmental magnetism: Principles and applications
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 50 Số 4 - 2012
Qingsong Liu, Andrew P. Roberts, Juan C. Larrasoaña, Subir K. Banerjee, Yohan Guyodo, Lisa Tauxe, Frank Oldfield
In environmental magnetism, rock and mineral magnetic techniques are used to investigate the formation, transportation, deposition, and postdepositional alterations of magnetic minerals under the influences of a wide range of environmental processes. All materials respond in some way to an applied magnetic field, and iron‐bearing minerals are sensitive to a range of environmental processes...... hiện toàn bộ
Nature and composition of the continental crust: A lower crustal perspective
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 33 Số 3 - Trang 267-309 - 1995
Roberta L. Rudnick, David M. Fountain
Geophysical, petrological, and geochemical data provide important clues about the composition of the deep continental crust. On the basis of seismic refraction data, we divide the crust into type sections associated with different tectonic provinces. Each shows a three‐layer crust consisting of upper, middle, and lower crust, in which P wave velocities increase p...... hiện toàn bộ
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