Reviews of Geophysics
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Relations among subduction parametersClues to the dynamics of the subduction process are found in the many measurable parameters of modern subduction zones. Based on a critical appraisal of the geophysical and geological literature, 26 parameters are estimated for each of 39 modern subduction zones. To isolate causal relationships among these parameters, multivariate analysis is applied to this data set. This analysis yields ... ...
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 24 Số 2 - Trang 217-284 - 1986
Recent advances in understanding secondary organic aerosol: Implications for global climate forcingAbstract Anthropogenic emissions and land use changes have modified atmospheric aerosol concentrations and size distributions over time. Understanding preindustrial conditions and changes in organic aerosol due to anthropogenic activities is important because these features (1) influence estimates of aerosol radiative forcing and (2) can confound estimates of the hi... ...
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 55 Số 2 - Trang 509-559 - 2017
On the North Atlantic CirculationA new, speculative, and, we hope, provocative summary of the North Atlantic circulation is described, including both horizontal currents (wind‐driven) and the primarily (thermohaline) meridional flows that involve the transformation of warm to cold water at high latitudes. Our picture is based on a synthesis of a variety of independent investigations that are contained in the literature as... ...
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 31 Số 1 - Trang 29-49 - 1993
Retrieval of atmospheric temperature and composition from remote measurements of thermal radiationThis paper reviews the methods which may be used to estimate the state of the atmosphere, i.e., the distribution of temperature and composition, from measurements of emitted thermal radiation such as are made by remote sounding instruments on satellites. The principles of estimation theory are applied to a linear version of the problem, and it is shown that many of the apparently different... ...
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 14 Số 4 - Trang 609-624 - 1976
Environmental magnetism: Principles and applicationsIn environmental magnetism, rock and mineral magnetic techniques are used to investigate the formation, transportation, deposition, and postdepositional alterations of magnetic minerals under the influences of a wide range of environmental processes. All materials respond in some way to an applied magnetic field, and iron‐bearing minerals are sensitive to a range of environmental processes... ...
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 50 Số 4 - 2012
Nature and composition of the continental crust: A lower crustal perspectiveGeophysical, petrological, and geochemical data provide important clues about the composition of the deep continental crust. On the basis of seismic refraction data, we divide the crust into type sections associated with different tectonic provinces. Each shows a three‐layer crust consisting of upper, middle, and lower crust, in which P wave velocities increase p... ...
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 33 Số 3 - Trang 267-309 - 1995
Entrainment of bed material by Earth‐surface mass flows: Review and reformulation of depth‐integrated theoryAbstract Earth‐surface mass flows such as debris flows, rock avalanches, and dam‐break floods can grow greatly in size and destructive potential by entraining bed material they encounter. Increasing use of depth‐integrated mass and momentum conservation equations to model these erosive flows motivates a review of the underlying theory. Our review indicates that many... ...
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 53 Số 1 - Trang 27-58 - 2015
The physics of debris flowsRecent advances in theory and experimentation motivate a thorough reassessment of the physics of debris flows. Analyses of flows of dry, granular solids and solid‐fluid mixtures provide a foundation for a comprehensive debris flow theory, and experiments provide data that reveal the strengths and limitations of theoretical models. Both debris flow materials and dry granular materials can s... ...
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 35 Số 3 - Trang 245-296 - 1997
Phytoplankton bloom dynamics in coastal ecosystems: A review with some general lessons from sustained investigation of San Francisco Bay, CaliforniaPhytoplankton blooms are prominent features of biological variability in shallow coastal ecosystems such as estuaries, lagoons, bays, and tidal rivers. Long‐term observation and research in San Francisco Bay illustrates some patterns of phytoplankton spatial and temporal variability and the underlying mechanisms of this variability. Blooms are events of rapid production and accumulation of... ...
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 34 Số 2 - Trang 127-168 - 1996
Convectively coupled equatorial wavesConvectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs) control a substantial fraction of tropical rainfall variability. Their horizontal structures and dispersion characteristics correspond to Matsuno's (1966) solutions of the shallow water equations on an equatorial beta plane, namely, Kelvin, equatorial Rossby, mixed Rossby‐gravity, and inertio‐gravity waves. Because of moist processes, the tilte... ...
Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 47 Số 2 - 2009
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