Convectively coupled equatorial waves

Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 47 Số 2 - 2009
George N. Kiladis1, Matthew C. Wheeler2, Patrick T. Haertel3, Katherine H. Straub4, Paul E. Roundy5
1Earth System Research Laboratory NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA
2Bureau of Meteorology, Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
3Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
4Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania, USA
5Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences State University of New York at Albany Albany New York USA

Tóm tắt

Convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs) control a substantial fraction of tropical rainfall variability. Their horizontal structures and dispersion characteristics correspond to Matsuno's (1966) solutions of the shallow water equations on an equatorial beta plane, namely, Kelvin, equatorial Rossby, mixed Rossby‐gravity, and inertio‐gravity waves. Because of moist processes, the tilted vertical structures of CCEWs are complex, and their scales do not correspond to that expected from the linear theory of dry waves. The dynamical structures and cloud morphology of CCEWs display a large degree of self‐similarity over a surprisingly wide range of scales, with shallow convection at their leading edge, followed by deep convection and then stratiform precipitation, mirroring that of individual mesoscale convective complexes. CCEWs have broad impacts within the tropics, and their simulation in general circulation models is still problematic, although progress has been made using simpler models. A complete understanding of CCEWs remains a challenge in tropical meteorology.

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