Memory and Cognition
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Enhancement and suppression effects resulting from information structuring in sentences
Memory and Cognition - Tập 37 - Trang 880-888 - 2009
Information structuring through the use of cleft sentences increases the processing efficiency of references to elements within the scope of focus. Furthermore, there is evidence that putting certain types of emphasis on individual words not only enhances their subsequent processing, but also protects these words from becoming suppressed in the wake of subsequent information, suggesting mechanisms......
Implementation intention encoding does not automatize prospective memory responding
Memory and Cognition - Tập 38 - Trang 221-232 - 2010
An implementation intention encoding, one that specifies the concrete situation that is appropriate for initiating an intended action and links that situational cue to the intended action, has been shown to improve prospective memory. One proposed mechanism is that implementation intentions create automatized prospective remembering. This view anticipates that implementation intentions should prev......
Judging interevent relations: From cause to effect and from effect to cause
Memory and Cognition - - 1993
Stimulus competition was studied in college students' correlational judgments in a medical decision-making setting. In accord with prior findings, subjects making cause-to-effect (predictive) judgments discounted a stimulus event that was moderately correlated with a target event when rival stimuli were more highly correlated with the effect. However, subjects making effect-to-cause (diagnostic) j......
Age of acquisition, word frequency, and the role of phonology in the lexical decision task
Memory and Cognition - Tập 27 - Trang 592-602 - 1999
In five experiments, we examined the respective roles of word age of acquisition (AoA) and frequency in the lexical decision task. The two variables were manipulated orthogonally (while controlling for concreteness and length) in fully factorial designs. Experiment 1 was a conventional lexical decision task, and Experiments 2–5 involved various attempts to interfere with reliance upon phonology. I......
Effects of number of items and visual display variability onsame-different discrimination behavior
Memory and Cognition - Tập 34 - Trang 1689-1703 - 2006
We explored college students’ discrimination of complex visual stimuli that involved multiple-item displays. The items in each of the displays could be all the same, all different, or diverse mixtures of some same and some different items. The participants had to learn which of two arbitrary responses was correct for each of the displays without being told about thesameness ordifferentness of the ......
Semantic relatedness and distinctive processing may inflate older adults’ positive memory bias
Memory and Cognition - Tập 47 - Trang 1431-1443 - 2019
Emotional stimuli are often more semantically interrelated and relatively distinct than neutral stimuli. These factors can enhance memory for emotional stimuli in young adults, but their effects in older adults—and on the age-related positive memory bias—remain unknown. In the present article, we tested whether item relatedness and distinctiveness affect emotional memory in young adults (Exps. 1 a......
A dissociation between object manipulation spatial ability and spatial orientation ability
Memory and Cognition - Tập 29 - Trang 745-756 - 2001
We developed psychometric tests of spatial orientation ability, in which people are shown a two dimensional array of objects, imagine taking a perspective within the array, and indicate the direction to a target object from this perspective. Patterns of errors on these tests were consistent with experimental studies of perspective taking. Characteristic errors and verbal protocols supported the va......
Unimodal and cross-modal identity judgements using an audio-visual sorting task: Evidence for independent processing of faces and voices
Memory and Cognition - Tập 50 - Trang 216-231 - 2021
Unimodal and cross-modal information provided by faces and voices contribute to identity percepts. To examine how these sources of information interact, we devised a novel audio-visual sorting task in which participants were required to group video-only and audio-only clips into two identities. In a series of three experiments, we show that unimodal face and voice sorting were more accurate than c......
Retrieval operations in cued recall and recognition
Memory and Cognition - Tập 7 - Trang 224-231 - 1979
The present study compared the effects of two classes of experimental manipulations on the recognition and cued recall of target words learned in the presence of list cues. One class of manipulations, learning instructions (repetition vs. meaningful rehearsal), had similar effects on recall and recognition, whereas the other, preexperimental association between target and cue words, had separable ......
Leveling up the analysis of the reminiscence bump in autobiographical memory: A new approach based on multilevel multinomial models
Memory and Cognition - Tập 46 - Trang 1178-1193 - 2018
In many studies of autobiographical memory, participants are asked to generate more than one autobiographical memory. The resulting data then have a hierarchical or multilevel structure, in the sense that the autobiographical memories (Level 1) generated by the same person (Level 2) tend to be more similar. Transferred to an analysis of the reminiscence bump in autobiographical memory, at Level 1 ......
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