Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series E

In this research, the effects of temperature and duration of anorthite synthesis were examined by DTA, TGA, XRD, SEM and EDS analysis. Anorthite was synthesized with mixtures of kaolin and calcite powders with a weight ratio of 7 to 3, at three different temperatures of 1000, 1200 and 1400 °C, and three different synthesis times of 30, 180 and 300 min. Different phases in the raw materials mixture were formed during synthesis. These phases were investigated thoroughly to determine the role of time and temperature in their formation. Results proved that synthesis at 3 h and 1200 °C was suitable for the reactions of anorthite formation.

Yarn hairiness is an important indicator of yarn quality. It affects not only the quality of yarn but also the woven and knitted performance of yarn and the quality of the fabric produced. The prediction of yarn hairiness index can effectively prevent errors in produced fabrics, but yarn hairiness prediction is a complex nonlinear problem, and the use of a simple prediction model cannot meet the need for yarn hairiness prediction accuracy. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to introduce a new metaheuristic optimization method, namely Harris Hawk Optimization, to improve the accuracy of yarn hairiness prediction by generalized regression neural network. The smoothing factor in the generalized regression neural network is optimally selected by Harris Hawk Optimization, which in turn improves the accuracy of prediction. The experimental results show that the generalized neural network using Harris Hawk Optimization has very high accuracy in predicting yarn hairiness. In this regard, its root mean square error and mean absolute error criteria are 0.05568 and 0.03872, respectively.

To design an industrial liquid solid circulating fluidized bed system properly, it is important that the hydrodynamics be studied first. So far investigations have been carried out in a liquid solid circulating fluidized bed (LSCFB) with tap water as the liquid phase. There is still limited understanding on how particles are circulated in LSCFB with viscous fluids. The aim of our work was to characterize the hydrodynamics in a LSCFB with varying viscosity. Experiments were conducted in a fluidized bed riser of 0.1 m diameter by 2.4 m height with different viscous liquids, to study its effects of operating parameters namely; primary velocity, secondary velocity, total velocity, on the hydrodynamics characteristics of the LSCFB in terms of solid holdup, solid circulation rate and particle velocity. Experiments were conducted using water and glycerol at different concentration. The solid particle resin of 0.5 mm diameter was used for the experiment. The results indicate that the solid hold up in the riser is axially uniform for viscous liquids and increases with increase in auxiliary velocity. The average solid holdup found to decrease with increase in total velocity and increases with increase in liquid viscosity as the critical transitional velocity decreases with the increase in viscosity. The solid circulation rate is found to increase with increase in total velocity and auxiliary velocity, and also increases with increasing viscosity.

Hybrid membranes from Cellulose Acetate (CA) and titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were fabricated using electrospinning technique. The electrospun hybrid membranes were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, high energy electrons of the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction patterns, atomic force microscopy, zeta potential (ζ), and thermo gravimetric analysis. The impact of TiO2 contents on the electrospun membranes matrix was studied in detail. All these characterization results indicated that TiO2 were uniformly distributed within the CA electrospun membrane’s matrix. The addition of TiO2 caused formation of largely interconnected fiber networks which in turn have a positive effect on the enhancement of the membrane pore structures. As the amount of TiO2 addition was raised from 0 to 6.5 wt%, the entanglements of the fibers and the spider-net like network among fibers were increased.

Quy trình tối ưu của vật liệu electrospun PBS được thiết lập thông qua các thí nghiệm trực giao. Dưới quy trình này, các sợi electrospun PBS được kéo thành sợi lên bề mặt meltblown để tạo ra các vật liệu lọc composite PBS electrospun/meltblown. Tiếp theo, các thuộc tính của các vật liệu composite được đặc trưng hóa. Kết quả cho thấy sợi electrospun PBS có đường kính nhỏ hơn và phân bố đồng đều hơn so với vải không dệt meltblown. Sau khi kết hợp lớp mat electrospun và vải không dệt meltblown, kích thước lỗ trung bình giảm từ 10 μm xuống còn 3 μm và phân bố kích thước lỗ trở nên đồng đều, độ rỗng không thay đổi và khả năng ướt bề mặt được cải thiện một chút.

The remarkable hole transport abilities of copper iodide and ionic transportation abilities of lead iodide help in enhancement of their electrical and catalytic properties. The combination of the two has resulted in a perovskite with excellent catalytic and electrical properties. To improve the aforementioned properties of CuPbI3 perovskite, it was doped with EuO and Eu2O3. CuPbI3 and CuPbI3: Eu+2/Eu+3 perovskites were synthesized using combustion method. Four CuPbI3: Eu+2/Eu+3 perovskites with varying compositions were prepared by doping 10, 20, 30 and 40% of Eu+2 and Eu+3 into CuPbI3 perovskite lattice in equal amounts. The structural and thermal characteristics were analyzed using TG-DTG and XRD analysis techniques. The results obtained from XRD analysis suggest that the degree of crystallization increases with an increase in doping of Eu+2/Eu+3. Also, an increase in other structural parameters such as unit cell volume and crystallite size with doping of Eu+2/Eu+3 indicate potential boost in catalytic properties of the aforementioned perovskites. The TG-DTG analysis results indicate that the CuPbI3 perovskite is more stable at lower temperatures (50–430 °C) while CuPbI3: Eu+2/Eu+3 (10–40%) are more thermally stable in the temperature range of 50–505 °C. Also, the overall weight loss was found to be significantly higher in case of CuPbI3 as compared CuPbI3: Eu+2/Eu+3 as indicated by the TG-DTG analysis results. These enhanced structural and catalytic properties of CuPbI3 perovskite escalate its applicability as photovoltaic cells and catalysts.

This paper deals with the studies on the effect of dye concentration, electrolyte (common salt) concentration, dyeing time, dyeing temperature, soda ash concentration, pH of the dye solution and material to liquor ratio (MLR) on colour strength and other colour parameters after being dyed of jute fabrics with reactive dyes, namely, Turquoise blue, Lemon Yellow, Red CN colours. The dye absorption increases with increase in electrolyte (common salt) concentration, dyeing time, dyeing temperature, soda ash concentration, pH and decreases with increase of MLR. Colour fastness to wash, light and rubbing for the dyed samples has been studied and reported. It is observed that reactive dye gives overall good colour fastness to both washing and rubbing. But the light fastness has been found to be moderate only, due to the UV-light initiated fading of jute fibre itself change of the colour substrate, ie, undyed material. This colour fastness has been significantly resolved by post treatment with 1 % benzotriazole.

The acceptability of a new product is decided by its performance, level of improvement in quality and economy of production. The basic aim of generating micro pores in a textile structure is to provide better thermo-physiological comfort by enhancing the breathability and hence improving moisture management behaviour. In the present study, an attempt has been made to create a relatively more open structure through removal of a component. A comparative assessment with a homogeneous and parent yarn was also made. Yarns of two linear densities, each from ring and vortex spinning systems were produced using 100 % polyester and 80:20 polyester/cotton blend. The modified yarn was produced by removing a component, viz; cotton, by treatment with sulphuric acid from the blended yarn. The knitted fabric from modified yarn was found to show significant improvement in air permeability, water vapour permeability and total absorbency while the wicking characteristic was found to decline.