Fertilizing Potential of Urine in Agriculture

Shardul Kale1, Nikhil Kishor1, Pratibha S. Agrawal1
1Department of Applied Chemistry, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India

Tóm tắt

This paper aims to devise an alternative low-cost optimized solution of using urine as a fertilizer. Urine bio-waste from humans and livestock has unrealized potential and can increase the yield of crops if used correctly. For Triticum aestivum (Common wheat), 30% of urine can be potent in promoting growth. A comparative assessment was conducted to validate the applicability of the proposed method. Several plant growth parameters like chlorophyll content, average leaf length, and percentage germination were evaluated to reach the optimized urine dosage for enhanced plant growth. The study also provides a schematic model for an economically feasible waste collection system that can treat the urine and produce easy-to-use fertilizer using the proposed method.

Tài liệu tham khảo

J. Pesonen, T. Kuokkanen, P. Rautio, U. Lassi, Bioavailability of nutrients and harmful elements in ash fertilizers: effect of granulation. Biomass Bioenergy 100, 92–97 (2017) J.S. Yaradoddi, J.S. Kontro, M.H. Ganachar, RNA Nanotechnology. In: Handbook of Ecomaterials (2019), pp. 3587–3600 S.B.B. Beler-Baykal, A.D. Allar, Recovery of plant nutrients from dilute solutions of human urine and preliminary investigations on pot trial. Clean Soil Air Water Water 40(4), 538 (2012) M.M. Joseph, K.S. Marius, S. Aly, D. Dayeri, S.T. Alfred, B. Nicolas, Survival of enteric bacteria in source-separated human urine used as fertiliser: effects of temperature and ammonia. Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 8(9), 511–520 (2014) D. Beaune, The use of urine as free fertilizer increasing plant growth. Int. J. For. Hortic. 4, 24–28 (2018) S.L. el Viskari, G. Grobker, K. Karimaki, A. Gorbatova, R. Vilpas, Nitrogen recovery with source separation of human Urine in agriculture. Front. Sustain. Food Syst. 2(32), 1–14 (2018) H. Kirchmann, S. Pettersson, Human Urine-chemical composition and fertilizer use efficiency. Fertil. Res. 40, 149–154 (1995) R. Sugihara, Reuse of human excreta in developing countries: agricultural fertilization optimization. Consilience 22, 58–64 (2020) C. van Wijk-Sijbesma, H. Heinonen-Tanski, Human excreta for plant production. Bioresour. Technol. 96, 403–411 (2005) K.R. Smith, A. Woodward, Campbell-Lendrum D, et al, Human health: impacts, adaptation and co-benifits. Bull World Health Organ (2013). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415379.016 F. Hammes, N. Boon, J. de Villiers, W. Verstraete, S.D. Siciliano, Strain-specific ureolytic microbial calcium carbonate precipitation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69(8), 4901–4909 (2003) S.J. Keam, K.F. Croom, G.M. Keating, Gatifloxacin: a review of its use in the treatment of bacterial infections in the US. Drugs 65(5), 695–724 (2005) P.A. Todd, D. Faulds, Ofloxacin: a reappraisal of its antimicrobial activity, pharmacology and therapeutic use. Drugs 42(5), 825–872 (1991) P. Zamora et al., Ammonia recovery from urine in a scaled-up microbial electrolysis cell. J. Power Sources 356, 491–499 (2017) A. Benti, G. Kebede, Assessment of bacteriological contaminants of some vegetables irrigated with Awash River water in selected farms around Adama town. Renew. Agric. Food 6(2), 37–42 (2014) M. Sene, N. Hijikata, K. Ushijima, N. Funamizu, Application of human Urine in Agriculture, in Resource-oriented agro-sanitation systems. ed. by N. Funamizu (Springer, Tokyo, 2019) J. Prywer, M. Kozanecki, E. Mielniczek-Brzóska, A. Torzewska, Solid phases precipitating in artificial urine in the absence and presence of bacteria Proteus mirabilis—a contribution to the understanding of infectious urinary stone formation. Crystals 8, 164 (2018) B. Du et al., Aging of solidified/stabilized electrolytic manganese solid waste with accelerated carbonation and aging inhibition. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 23, 24195–24204 (2016) R.J. Ritchie, Consistent sets of spectrophotometric chlorophyll equations for acetone, methanol and ethanol solvents. Photosynth. Res. 89, 27–41 (2006) S. Kawashima, M. Nakatani, An algorithm for estimating chlorophyll content in leaves using a video camera. Ann. Bot. 81(1), 49–54 (1998) K. Kuwornu, A.L. Obiri-Danso, Assessment of NPK in human male and female Urine for its fertilising potential in agriculture. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Res. 4, 160–168 (2015) A. McCauley, Plant Nutrient Functions and Deficiency and Toxicity Symptoms (Montana State University, Bozeman, 2011). V.P. Sharma, H. Thaker, Economic policy reforms and the Indian fertilizer industry, IIM Ahemdabad report, (2011) Government of India Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers Department of Fertilizers, Annual Report, (2020) A.K. Pathak, D. Pushkar, P. Sanjay, Fertilizer marketing in India a literature review. Rev Res J 4(1), ROR-109 (2014) S.R. Ravinutala, Redesigning India’s Urea Policy (Harvard University, Cambridge, 2016). V.S. Rajani, R.S. Alaka, Urine as a fertilizer-a comparative study using SolanumLycoperiscum and Capsicum SP. J. Glob. Biosci. 4(2), 1448–1455 (2015)