Journal of Applied Physiology
8750-7587
1522-1601
Mỹ
Cơ quản chủ quản: American Physiological Society , AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
Lĩnh vực:
Physiology (medical)PhysiologyMedicine (miscellaneous)Sports Science
Phân tích ảnh hưởng
Thông tin về tạp chí
The Journal of Applied Physiology publishes the highest quality original research and reviews that examine novel adaptive and integrative physiological mechanisms in humans and animals that advance the field. The journal encourages the submission of manuscripts that examine the acute and adaptive responses of various organs, tissues, cells and/or molecular pathways to environmental, physiological and/or pathophysiological stressors. As an applied physiology journal, topics of interest are not limited to a particular organ system. The journal, therefore, considers a wide array of integrative and translational research topics examining the mechanisms involved in disease processes and mitigation strategies, as well as the promotion of health and well-being throughout the lifespan. Priority is given to manuscripts that provide mechanistic insight deemed to exert an impact on the field.
Các bài báo tiêu biểu
Effects of pressure on uptake and release of calcium by brain synaptosomes Uptake of radioactive calcium from guinea pig brain fractions enriched in synaptosomes could be significantly and reproducibly decreased by exposure to high pressure. Calcium efflux from preloaded synaptosomes was unaffected by pressure exposure. It was hypothesized that the development of pressure-induced encephalopathy may be related to an effect of pressure on the central nervous system calcium transport system.
Tập 60 Số 4 - Trang 1446-1450 - 1986
Effect of ambient temperature upon emotional hyperthermia and hypothermia in rabbits
Tập 21 Số 6 - Trang 1795-1798 - 1966
Reperfusion injury is reduced in skeletal muscle by inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase This study evaluated the effects of the selective inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor N-[3-(aminomethyl)benzyl]acetamidine (1400W) on the microcirculation in reperfused skeletal muscle. The cremaster muscles from 32 rats underwent 5 h of ischemia followed by 90 min of reperfusion. Rats received either 3 mg/kg 1400W or PBS subcutaneously before reperfusion. We found that blood flow in reperfused muscles was <45% of baseline in controls but sharply recovered to near baseline levels in 1400W-treated animals. There was a significant ( P < 0.01 to P< 0.001) difference between the two groups at each time point throughout the 90 min of reperfusion. Vessel diameters remained <80% of baseline in controls during reperfusion, but recovered to the baseline level in the 1400W group by 20 min, and reached a maximum of 121 ± 14% (mean ± SD) of baseline in 10- to 20-μm arterioles, 121 ± 6% in 21- to 40-μm arterioles, and 115 ± 8% in 41- to 70-μm arteries ( P < 0.01 to P < 0.001). The muscle weight ratio between ischemia-reperfused (left) and non-ischemia-reperfused (right) cremaster muscles was 193 ± 42% of normal in controls and 124 ± 12% in the 1400W group ( P < 0.001). Histology showed that neutrophil extravasation and edema were markedly reduced in 1400W-treated muscles compared with controls. We conclude that ischemia-reperfusion leads to increased generation of NO from iNOS in skeletal muscle and that the selective iNOS inhibitor 1400W reduces the negative effects of ischemia-reperfusion on vessel diameter and muscle blood flow. Thus 1400W may have therapeutic potential in treatment of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Tập 94 Số 4 - Trang 1473-1478 - 2003
Mechanisms of postischemic injury in skeletal muscle: intervention strategies Reperfusion of ischemic skeletal muscle leads to adverse local and systemic effects. These detrimental effects may be attenuated by interfering with or modulating the pathophysiological processes that are set in motion during ischemia and/or reperfusion. The purpose of this paper is to review the different intervention strategies that have been employed in an attempt to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury. The results of these studies indicate that the postischemic injury processes that lead to cell dysfunction and death are multifactorial in nature and include oxidant generation, elaboration of proinflammatory mediators, infiltration of leukocytes, Ca2+ overload, phospholipid peroxidation and depletion, impaired nitric oxide metabolism, and reduced ATP production. Although the etiopathogenesis of skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion is complex, careful delineation of the mechanisms that contribute to postischemic microvascular dysfunction and muscle necrosis has progressed to the point where rational intervention strategies may be proposed and implemented as potential treatments for skeletal muscle dysfunction associated with ischemia-reperfusion.
Tập 80 Số 2 - Trang 369-387 - 1996
Effect of sleep deprivation on diurnal variation of vertical perception and postural control The aim of the study was to test the effect of total sleep deprivation on performance and time-of-day pattern of subjective visual vertical (SVV) and postural control. Nineteen healthy, young participants (4 women and 15 men 21.9 ± 1.2 yr) were engaged in two counterbalanced experimental sessions with or without total sleep deprivation. Oral temperature, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, and visual analogic scale for fatigue, postural control, and SVV were randomly measured every 4 h, from 0600 to 2200. A linear mixed model was used to capture the effect of time of day and sleep condition as factors. A classical adjusted COSINOR function was then used to modelize this daily variation. After the control night of sleep, SVV as well as oral temperature, sleepiness, and fatigue showed significant time-of-day variation, contrasting with measures of postural control which remained stable across the day. After sleep deprivation, SVV showed no diurnal variation, but its mean deviation value increased by 29%. Postural control capability also decreased after sleep deprivation, with a higher center of pressure surface (+70.4%) and total length (+7.37%) but remained stable throughout the day. These results further confirm the negative effect of sleep loss on postural control capability. Even if a direct relationship cannot be confirmed, the disruption of SVV capacity after sleep deprivation could strongly play a role in postural control capacity changes. Sleep deprivation should be considered as a potent factor involved in balance loss and subsequent fall. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The topic of sleep deprivation and postural control is not understood, with discrepancy among results. This study described that postural control displays a stable level throughout the day and that sleep deprivation, even if it increases postural sway, does not affect this stable diurnal pattern. The modification of the perception of the vertical level after sleep deprivation could strongly play a role in the observed changes in postural control capacity.
Tập 125 Số 1 - Trang 167-174 - 2018
Activation of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex by exercise: effect of high-fat diet intake The effect of exercise on the activity of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex in liver and muscle was studied in rats fed a high-fat (FAT) or a high-carbohydrate (CHO) diet. Both diet groups of rats were offered isoenergetic diets by a meal-feeding method and were trained by treadmill running. On the final day of the experiment, half of the rats in each diet group were exercised by 2 h of running just before they were killed. The activity state of the enzyme complex was elevated maximally by exercise in liver of rats fed the FAT diet but not in liver of rats fed the CHO diet, suggesting that catabolism of branched-chain amino acids in rat liver during exercise was enhanced by the FAT diet. The activity state of the enzyme complex in muscle was enhanced by exercise in both groups of rats, but a significant difference was not observed between the groups. The concentration of branched-chain amino acids was elevated in liver and muscle by exercise in both groups of rats, but the elevated levels in liver were lower in rats fed the FAT diet than in those fed the CHO diet. Serum branched-chain amino acid concentrations were significantly lower in rested rats fed the FAT diet than in those fed the CHO diet, and the leucine and isoleucine concentrations in the former were elevated by exercise, but the serum concentrations in the latter were not significantly affected by exercise. ATP and ADP concentrations in muscle were not significantly affected by either diet or exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Tập 68 Số 1 - Trang 161-165 - 1990
Postexercise muscle glycogen resynthesis in humans Since the pioneering studies conducted in the 1960s in which glycogen status was investigated using the muscle biopsy technique, sports scientists have developed a sophisticated appreciation of the role of glycogen in cellular adaptation and exercise performance, as well as sites of storage of this important metabolic fuel. While sports nutrition guidelines have evolved during the past decade to incorporate sport-specific and periodized manipulation of carbohydrate (CHO) availability, athletes attempt to maximize muscle glycogen synthesis between important workouts or competitive events so that fuel stores closely match the demands of the prescribed exercise. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors that enhance or impair this biphasic process. In the early postexercise period (0–4 h), glycogen depletion provides a strong drive for its own resynthesis, with the provision of CHO (~1 g/kg body mass) optimizing this process. During the later phase of recovery (4–24 h), CHO intake should meet the anticipated fuel needs of the training/competition, with the type, form, and pattern of intake being less important than total intake. Dietary strategies that can enhance glycogen synthesis from suboptimal amounts of CHO or energy intake are of practical interest to many athletes; in this scenario, the coingestion of protein with CHO can assist glycogen storage. Future research should identify other factors that enhance the rate of synthesis of glycogen storage in a limited time frame, improve glycogen storage from a limited CHO intake, or increase muscle glycogen supercompensation.
Tập 122 Số 5 - Trang 1055-1067 - 2017
Evans blue dye as a marker of albumin clearance in cultured endothelial monolayer and isolated lung Determination of protein transfer across the endothelial barrier or the entire alveolar capillary membrane is critical for investigation of mechanisms leading to pulmonary edema. The purpose of this study was to evaluate Evans blue dye for determination of protein clearance across cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell monolayers and as a quantitative marker for albumin leakage to the air spaces in isolated perfused rat lungs. Evans blue dye bound tightly to albumin (EBA) as determined by lack of transfer through dialysis membranes and specific elution with albumin from a molecular exclusion column. EBA was equivalent to 125I-labeled albumin for calculation of albumin clearance rates (Calb) across intact and challenged monolayers [Calb (+ vehicle) = 0.12 microliters/min; Calb (+10 nM alpha-thrombin) = 0.47 microliters/min; Calb (+5 mg/ml trypsin) = 1.29 microliters/min]. Transfer of EBA was linear with time in both the endothelial cell monolayer model and the perfused lung. EBA was a sensitive marker for early edema in the perfused lung (before detectable weight gain) as well as for severe edema in the oxidant-injured lung (marked EBA accumulation in lavage fluid) and was a more specific marker for protein transfer than lavage fluid protein. EBA transfer is a convenient, reproducible, and accurate means to assess alterations in vascular permeability.
Tập 72 Số 3 - Trang 865-873 - 1992
Decomposition of indwelling EMG signals Decomposition of indwelling electromyographic (EMG) signals is challenging in view of the complex and often unpredictable behaviors and interactions of the action potential trains of different motor units that constitute the indwelling EMG signal. These phenomena create a myriad of problem situations that a decomposition technique needs to address to attain completeness and accuracy levels required for various scientific and clinical applications. Starting with the maximum a posteriori probability classifier adapted from the original precision decomposition system (PD I) of LeFever and De Luca ( 25 , 26 ), an artificial intelligence approach has been used to develop a multiclassifier system (PD II) for addressing some of the experimentally identified problem situations. On a database of indwelling EMG signals reflecting such conditions, the fully automatic PD II system is found to achieve a decomposition accuracy of 86.0% despite the fact that its results include low-amplitude action potential trains that are not decomposable at all via systems such as PD I. Accuracy was established by comparing the decompositions of indwelling EMG signals obtained from two sensors. At the end of the automatic PD II decomposition procedure, the accuracy may be enhanced to nearly 100% via an interactive editor, a particularly significant fact for the previously indecomposable trains.
Tập 105 Số 2 - Trang 700-710 - 2008