Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase

Gaal J.C., Smith K.R., and Pearson C.K. (1987) Cellular euthanasia mediated by a nuclear enzyme: a central role for nuclear ADP-ribosylation in cellular methabolism. Trends Biochem. Sci. 12, 129–130.

Satoh M.S. and Lindahl T. (1992) Role of poly(ADP-ribose) formation in DNA repair. Nature 356, 356–358.

Ziegler M. and Oei S.L. (2001) A cellular survival switch: poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation stimulates DNA repair and silences transcription. Bioessays 23, 543–548.

Smith S. (2001) The world according to PARP. Trends Biochem. Sci. 26, 174–179.

Herzeg Z. and Wang Z.Q(2001) Functions of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in DNA repair, genomic integrity and cell death. Mutat. Res. 477, 97–110.

de Murcia G. and Móissier de Murcia J. (1994) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: a molecular nick-sensor. Trends Biochem. Sci. 19, 172–176.

de Murcia G., Schreiber V., Molinete M., et al. (1994) Structure and function of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 138, 15–24.

Lindahl T., Satoh M.S., Poirier G.G., and Klungland A. (1995) Post-translational modification of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase induced by DNA strand breaks. Trends Biochem. Sci. 20, 405–411.

Masson M., Rolli V., Dantzer F., et al. (1995) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: structure-function relationship. Biochimie 77, 456–461.

Nagele A. (1995) Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation as a fail-safe, transcription-independent, suicide mechanism in acutely DNA-damaged cells: a hypothesis. Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 34, 251–254.

Althaus F.R. (1992) Poly ADP-ribosylation: a histone shuttle mechanism in DNA excision repair. J Cell Sci. 102, 663–670.

Hassa P.O. and Hottiger M.O. (2002) The functional role of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1 as novel coactivator of NF-kappaB in inflammatory disorders. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 59, 1534–1553.

D’Amours D., Desnoyers S., D’Silva I., and Poirier G.G. (1999) Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reactions in the regulation of nuclear functions. Biochem. J. 342, 249–268.

Pleschke J.M., Kleczkowska H.E., Strohm M., and Althaus F.R. (2000) Poly(ADP-ribose) binds to specific domains in DNA damage checkpoint proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 40,974–40,980.

Malanga M., Pleschke J.M., Kleczkowska H.E., and Althaus F.R. (1998) Poly(ADP-ribose) binds to specific domains of p53 and alters its DNA binding functions. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 11,839–11,843.

Hayaishi O. and Ueda K. (1982) ADP-ribosylation reactions biology and medicine, in Molecular Biology An Int Series of Monographs. (Horecker, B., Kaplan, N., Marmur, J., and Scheraga, A., eds.), Academic Press, New York, London.

Lautier D., Lagueux J., Thibodeau J., Menard L., and Poirier G.G. (1993) Molecular and biochemical features of poly (ADP-ribose) metabolism. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 122, 171–193.

Hassa P.O. and Hottiger M.O. (1999) A role of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in NF-kappaB transcriptional activation. Biol. Chem. 380, 953–959.

Jeggo P.A. (1998) DNA repair: PARPanother guardian angel? Curr. Biol. 8, R49-R51.

Grube K. and Burkle A. (1992) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in mononuclear leukocytes of 13 mammalian species correlates with species-specific life span. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 11,759–11,763.

Burkle A. (2001) PARP-1: a regulator of genomic stability linked with mammalian longevity. Chembiochem 2, 725–728.

Messripour M., Weltin D., Rastegar A., et al. (1994) Age-associated changes of rat brain neuronal and astroglial poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity. J. Neurochem. 62, 502–506.

Strosznajder J.B., Jesko H., and Strosznajder R.P. (2000) Effect of amyloid beta peptide on poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in adult and aged rat hippocampus. Acta Biochim. Pol. 47, 847–854.

Chiarugi A. (2002) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: killer or conspirator? The suicide hypothesis revisited. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 23(3), 122–129.

Ame J.C., Rolli V., Schreiber V., et al. (1999) PARP-2, a novel mammalian DNA damage-dependent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 17,860–17,868.

Dantzer F., Giraud-Panis M.-J., Jaco I., et al. (2004) Functional interaction between poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 2 (PARP-2) and TRF2: PARP activity negatively regulates TRF2. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24, 1595–1607.

Johansson M. (1999) A human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase gene family (ADPRTL): cDNA cloning of two novel poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase homologues. Genomics 57, 442–445.

Schreiber V., Ame J.-C., Dolle P., et al. (2002) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-2 (PARP-2) is required for efficient base excision DNA repair in association with PARP-1 and XRCC-1. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 23,028–23,036.

Smith S., Giriat I., Schmitt A., and de Lange T. (1998) Tankyrase, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase at human telomeres. Science 282, 1484–1487.

Smith S. and de Lange T. (2000) Tankyrase promotes telomere elongation in human cells. Curr. Biol. 10, 1299–1302.

Lyons R.J., Deane R., Lynch D.K., et al. (2001) Identification of a novel human tankyrase through its interaction with the adaptor protein Grb14. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 17,172–17,180.

Kaminker P.G., Kim S.H., Taylor R.D., et al. (2001) TANK2, a new TRF1-associated poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, causes rapid induction of cell death upon overexpression. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 35,891–35,899.

Pieper A.A., Blackshaw S., Clements E.E., et al. (2000) Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation basally activated by DNA strand breaks reflects glutamate-nitric oxide neurotransmission. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 1845–1850.

Masson M., Niedergang C., Schreiber V., Muller S., Menissier-de Murcia J., and de Murcia G. (1998) XRCC1 is specifically associated with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and negatively regulates its activity following DNA damage. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 3563–3571.

Banasik M. and Ueda K. (1994) Inhibitors and activators of ADP-ribosylation reactions. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 138, 185–197.

Virag L. and Szabo C. (2001) Purines inhibit poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation and modulate oxidant-induced cell death. FASEB J. 15, 99–107.

Ruscetti T., Lehnert B.E., Halbrook J., et al. (1998) Stimulation of the DNA-dependent protein kinase by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 14,461–14,467.

Susse S., Scholz C.J., Burkle A., and Wiesmuller L. (2004) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) and p53 independently function in regulating double-strand break repair in primate cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 32(2), 669–680.

Eliasson M.J., Sampei K., Mandir A.S., et al. (1997) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase gene disruption renders mice resistant to cerebral ischemia. Nat. Med. 3, 1089–1095.

Endres M., Wang Z.Q.,Namura S., Waeber C., and Moskowitz M.A. (1997) Ischemic brain injury is mediated by the activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 17, 1143–1151.

Mandir A.S., Poitras M.F., Berliner A.R., et al. (2000) NMDA but not non-NMDA excitotoxicity is mediated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. J. Neurosci. 20, 8005–8011.

Dawson V.L., Dawson T.M., London E.D., Bredt D.S., and Snyder S.H. (1991) Nitric oxide mediates glutamate neurotoxicity in primary cortical cultures. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88(14), 6368–6371.

Hatfield R.H., Gill R., and Brazell C. (1992) The dose-response relationship and therapeutic window for dizocilpine (MK-801) in a rat focal ischaemia model. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 216, 1–7.

Chalimoniuk M. and Strosznajder J. (1998) NMDA receptor-dependent nitric oxide and cGMP synthesis in brain hemispheres and cerebellum during reperfusion after transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils: effect of 7-nitroindazole. J. Neurosci. Res. 54, 681–690.

Szabo C. and Dawson V.L. (1998) Role of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase in inflammation and ischaemia-reperfusion. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 19(7), 287–298.

Beckman J.S. and Crow J.P. (1993) Pathological implications of nitric oxide, superoxide and peroxynitrite formation. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 21, 330–334.

Endres M., Scott G., Namura S., et al. (1998) Role of peroxynitrite and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the activation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase in a murine model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Neurosci. Lett. 248, 41–44.

Yu S.W., Wang H., Dawson T.M., and Dawson V.L. (2003) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and apoptosis inducing factor in neurotoxicity. Neurobiol. Dis. 14(3), 303–317.

Yu S.W., Wang H., Poitras M.F., et al. (2002) Mediation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1-dependent cell death by apoptosis-inducing factor. Science. 297(5579), 259–263.

Chiarugi A. and Moskowitz M.A. (2002) PARP-1a — perpetrator of apoptotic cell death? Science 297, 200–201.

Takahashi K., Greenberg J.H., Jackson P., Maclin K., and Zhang J. (1997) Neuroprotective effects of inhibiting poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase on focal cerebral ischemia in rats. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 17, 1137–1142.

Takahashi K. and Greenberg J.H. (1999) The effect of reperfusion on neuroprotection using an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Neuroreport 10, 2017–2022.

Zingarelli B., Cuzzocrea S., Zsengeller Z., Salzman A.L., and Szabo C. (1997) Protection against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury by 3-aminobenzamide, an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase. Cardiovasc. Res. 36, 205–215.

Zingarelli B., Salzman A.L., and Szabo C. (1998) Genetic disruption of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase inhibits the expression of P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Circ. Res. 83, 85–94.

Plaschke K., Kopitz J., Weigand M.A., Martin E., and Bardenheuer H.J. (2000) The neuroprotective effect of cerebral poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition in a rat model of global ischemia. Neurosci. Lett. 284(1–2), 109–112.

Nagayama T., Simon R.P., Chen D., et al. (2000) Activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in the rat hippocampus may contribute to cellular recovery following sublethal transient global ischemia. J. Neurochem. 74(4), 1636–1645.

Moroni F., Meli E., Peruginelli F., et al. (2001) Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitors attenuate necrotic but not apoptotic neuronal death in experimental models of cerebral ischemia. Cell Death Differ. 8(9), 921–932.

Strosznajder R.P., Gadamski R., Czapski G.A., Jesko H., and Strosznajder J.B. (2003) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase during reperfusion after transient forebrain ischemia: its role in brain edema and cell death. J. Mol. Neurosci. 20, 61–72.

Thiemermann C., Bowes J., Myint F.P., and Vane J.R. (1997) Inhibition of the activity of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart and skeletal muscle. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 679–683.

Tokime T., Nozaki K., Sugino T., Kikuchi H., Hashimoto N., and Ueda K. (1998) Enhanced poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation after focal ischemia in rat brain. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 18, 991–997.

Milam K.M. and Cleaver J.E. (1984) Inhibitors of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) synthesis: effect on other metabolic processes. Science 223, 589–591.

Martin L.J., Al-Abdulla N.A., Brambrink A.M., Kirsch J.R., Sieber F.E., and Portera-Cailliau C. (1998) Neurodegeneration in excitotoxicity, global cerebral ischemia, and target deprivation: A perspective on the contributions of apoptosis and necrosis. Brain Res. Bull. 46, 281–309.

Lipton P. (1999) Ischemic cell death in brain neurons. Physiol. Rev. 79, 1431–1568.

Nicotera P., Leist M., and Manzo L. (1999) Neuronal cell death: a demise with different shapes. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 20, 46–51.

Liu J., Ying W., Massa S., et al. (2000) Effects of transient global ischemia and kainate on poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) gene expression and proteolytic cleavage in gerbil and rat brains. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 80, 7–16.

Fukuda T., Wang H., Nakanishi H., Yamamoto K., and Kosaka T. (1999) Novel non-apoptotic morphological changes in neurons of the mouse hippocampus following transient hypoxic-ischemia. Neurosci. Res. 33, 49–55.

Couturier J.Y., Ding-Zhou L., Croci N., Plotkine M., and Margaill I. (2003) 3-Aminobenzamide reduces brain infarction and neutrophil infiltration after transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Exp. Neurol. 184(2), 973–980.

Ding Y., Zhou Y., Lai Q.,Li J., Gordon V., and Diaz F.G. (2001) Long-term neuroprotective effect of inhibiting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion using a behavioral assessment. Brain Res. 915(2), 210–217.

Takahashi K., Pieper A.A., Croul S.E., Zhang J., Snyder S.H., and Greenberg J.H. (1999) Post-treatment with an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase attenuates cerebral damage in focal ischemia. Brain Res. 829(1–2), 46–54.

Oliver F.J., Menissier-de Murcia J., Nacci C., et al. (1999) Resistance to endotoxic shock as a consequence of defective NF-kappaB activation in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 deficient mice. EMBO J. 18, 4446–4454.

Agarwal M.L., Agarwal A., Taylor W.R., Wang Z.Q Wagner E.F., and Stark G.R. (1997) Defective induction but normal activation and function of p53 in mouse cells lacking poly-ADP-ribose polymerase. Oncogene 15, 1035–1041.

Schmid G., Wang Z.Q and Wesierska-Gadek J. (1999) Compensatory expression of p73 in PARP-deficient mouse fibroblasts as response to a reduced level of regularly spliced wild-type p53 protein. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 255, 399–405.

Amstad P.A., Krupitza G., and Cerutti P.A. (1992) Mechanism of c-fos induction by active oxygen. Cancer Res. 52, 3952–3960.

Ha H.C., Hester L.D., and Snyder S.H. (2002) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 dependence of stress-induced transcription factors and associated gene expression in glia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 3270–3275.

Chiarugi A. and Moskowitz M.A. (2003) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activity promotes NF-κB-driven transcription and microglial activation: implication for neurodegenerative disorders. J. Neurochem. 85, 306–317.

Hassa P.O., Covic M., Hasan S., Imhof R., and Hottiger M.O. (2001) The enzymatic and DNA binding activity of PARP-1 are not required for NF-kappa B coactivator function. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 45,588–45,597.

Kameoka M., Ota K., Tetsuka T., et al. (2000) Evidence for regulation of NF-kappaB by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Biochem. J. 346, 641–649.

Wesierska-Gadek J., Wojciechowski J., and Schmid G. (2003) Phosphorylation regulates the interaction and complex formation between wt p53 protein and PARP-1. J. Cell Biochem. 89(6), 1260–1284.

Simbulan-Rosenthal C.M., Rosenthal D.S., Luo R.B., et al. (2001) Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of p53 in vitro and in vivo modulates binding to its DNA consensus sequence. Neoplasia 3, 179–188.

Mendoza-Alvarez H. and Alvarez-Gonzalez R. (2001) Regulation of p53 sequence-specific DNA-binding by covalent poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. J. Biol. Chem. 276(39), 36,425–36,430.

Wesierska-Gadek J. and Schmid G. (2000) Overexpressed poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase delays the release of rat cells from p53-mediated G(1) checkpoint. J. Cell Biochem. 80(1), 85–103.

Wesierska-Gadek J. and Schmid G. (2001) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 regulates the stability of the wild-type p53 protein. Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett. 6(2), 117–140.

Mandir A.S., Simbulan-Rosenthal C.M., Poitras M.F., et al. (2002) A novel in vivo post-translational modification of p53 by PARP-1 in MPTP-induced parkinsonism. J. Neurochem. 83(1), 186–192.

Wesierska-Gadek J., Wang Z.Q and Schmid G. (1999) Reduced stability of regularly spliced but not alternatively spliced p53 protein in PARP-deficient mouse fibroblasts. Cancer Res. 59(1), 28–34.

Wesierska-Gadek J., Wojciechowski J., and Schmid G. (2003) Central and carboxy-terminal regions of human p53 protein are essential for interaction and complex formation with PARP-1. J. Cell. Biochem. 89(2), 220–232.

Valenzuela M.T., Guerrero R., Nńez M.I., et al. (2002) PARP-1 modifies the effectiveness of p53-mediated DNA damage response. Oncogene 21(7), 1108–1116.

Vaziri H., West M.D., Allsopp R.C., et al. (1997) ATM-dependent telomere loss in aging human diploid fibroblasts and DNA damage lead to the post-translational activation of p53 protein involving poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. EMBO J. 16(19), 6018–6033.

Wang X., Ohnishi K., Takahashi A., and Ohnishi T. (1998) Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is required for p53-dependent signal transduction induced by radiation. Oncogene 17(22), 2819–2825.

Whitacre C.M., Hashimoto H., Tsai M.L., Chatterjee S., Berger S.J., and Berger N.A. (1995) Involvement of NAD-poly(ADP-ribose) metabolism in p53 regulation and its consequences. Cancer Res. 55(17), 3697–3701.

Wieler S., Gagne J.P, Vaziri H., Poirier G.G., and Benchimol S. (2003) Poly(ADP-ribose) poly-merase-1 is a positive regulator of the p53-mediated G1 arrest response following ionizing radiation. J. Biol. Chem. 278(21), 18,914–18,921.

Tomasevic G., Shamloo M., Israeli D., and Wieloch T. (1999) Activation of p53 and its target genes p21(WAF1/Cip1) and PAG608/Wig-1 in ischemic preconditioning. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 70, 304–313.

Simbulan-Rosenthal C.M., Rosenthal D.S., Luo R., and Smulson M.E. (1999) Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of p53 during apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells. Cancer Res. 59(9), 2190–2194.

Kraus W.L. and Lis J.T. (2003) PARP goes transcription. Cell 113, 677–683.

Potvin F., Roy R.J., Poirier G.G., and Guerin S.L. (1993) The US-1 element from the gene encoding rat poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase binds the transcription factor Sp1. Eur. J. Biochem. 215, 73–80.

Oei S.L., Griesenbeck J., Schweiger M., Babich V., Kropotov A., and Tomilin N. (1997) Interaction of the transcription factor YY1 with human poly(ADP-ribosyl) transferase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 240, 108–111.