Metabolite profiling in Trigonella seeds via UPLC-MS and GC-MS analyzed using multivariate data analyses

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 408 - Trang 8065-8078 - 2016
Mohamed A. Farag1, Dalia M. Rasheed2, Matthias Kropf3, Andreas G. Heiss4,5
1Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
2Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Sixth of October City, Egypt
3Institute of Integrative Nature Conservation Research (INF), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
4Institute of Botany, University for Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
5Vienna Institute for Archaeological Science (VIAS), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Tóm tắt

Trigonella foenum-graecum is a plant of considerable value for its nutritive composition as well as medicinal effects. This study aims to examine Trigonella seeds using a metabolome-based ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) in parallel to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with multivariate data analyses. The metabolomic differences of seeds derived from three Trigonella species, i.e., T. caerulea, T. corniculata, and T. foenum-graecum, were assessed. Under specified conditions, we were able to identify 93 metabolites including 5 peptides, 2 phenolic acids, 22 C/O-flavonoid conjugates, 26 saponins, and 9 fatty acids using UPLC-MS. Several novel dipeptides, saponins, and flavonoids were found in Trigonella herein for the first time. Samples were classified via unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) followed by supervised orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). A distinct separation among the investigated Trigonella species was revealed, with T. foenum-graecum samples found most enriched in apigenin-C-glycosides, viz. vicenins 1/3 and 2, compared to the other two species. In contrast to UPLC-MS, GC-MS was less efficient to classify specimens, with differences among specimens mostly attributed to fatty acyl esters. GC-MS analysis of Trigonella seed extracts led to the identification of 91 metabolites belonging mostly to fatty acyl esters, free fatty acids followed by organic acids, sugars, and amino acids. This study presents the first report on primary and secondary metabolite compositional differences among Trigonella seeds via a metabolomics approach and reveals that, among the species examined, the official T. foenum-graecum presents a better source of Trigonella secondary bioactive metabolites.

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