Hydrochemical characteristics and groundwater quality in the thick loess deposits of China

Aghababazadeh R, Mirhabibi AR, Rand B, Banijamali S, Pourasad J, Ghahari M (2007) Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline titanium nitride powder from rutile and anatase as precursors. Surf Sci 601:2881–2885

Ahada CPS, Suthar S (2018) Assessing groundwater hydrochemistry of Malwa Punjab, India. Arab J Geosci 11:17

Alarcón-Herrera MT, Bundschuh J, Nath B, Nicolli HB, Gutierrez M, Reyes-Gomez VM, Nuñez D, Martín-Dominguez IR, Sracek O (2013) Co-occurrence of arsenic and fluoride in groundwater of semi-arid regions in Latin America: genesis, mobility and remediation. J Hazard Mater 262:960–969

Banoeng-Yakubo B, Yidana SM, Nti E (2009) An evaluation of the genesis and suitability of ground water for irrigation in the Volta Region, Ghana. Environ Geol 57:1005–1010

Bernal S, Lupon A, Ribot M, Sabater F, Martí E (2015) Riparian and in-stream controls on nutrient concentrations and fluxes in a headwater forested stream. Biogeosciences 12:1941–1954

Brindha K, Kavitha R (2015) Hydrochemical assessment of surface water and groundwater quality along Uyyakondan channel, south India. Environ Earth Sci 73:5383–5393

Brindha K, Jagadeshan G, Kalpana L, Elango L (2016) Fluoride in weathered rock aquifers of southern India: managed aquifer recharge for mitigation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23:8302–8316

Camacho S, Saraiva O, Wenninger JW, Uhlenbrook S (2015) Understanding runoff processes in a semi-arid environment through isotope and hydrochemical hydrograph separations. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 19:4183–4199

Cao G, Scanlon BR, Han D, Zheng C (2016) Impacts of thickening unsaturated zone on groundwater recharge in the North China Plain. J Hydrol 537:260–270

Domenico PA, Schwartz FW (1990) Physical and chemical hydrogeology. Wiley, New York

Famiglietti JS (2014) The global groundwater crisis. Nat Clim Chang 4:945–948

Fewtrell L (2004) Drinking-water nitrate, methemoglobinemia, and global burden of disease: a discussion. Environ Health Perspect 112:1371–1374

Gaillardet J, Dupré B, Allègre CJ (1995) A global geochemical mass budget applied to the Congo basin rivers: erosion rates and continental crust composition. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59:3469–3485

Gates JB, Scanlon BR, Mu X, Lu Z (2011) Impacts of soil conservation on groundwater recharge in the semi-arid Loess Plateau, China. Hydrogeol J 19:865–875

Gibbs RJ (1970) Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry. Science 170:1088–1090

Giménez-Forcada E (2010) Dynamic of sea water interface using hydrochemical facies evolution diagram. Groundwater 48:212–216

Griffiths JC (1974) Statistics and data analysis in geology: J.C. Davis, 1973. Wiley, Chichester, 550 pp., U.S. $18.50. Earth-Sci Rev 10:145-146

Guo X, Zuo R, Wang J, Meng L, Teng Y, Shi R, Gao X, Ding F (2019) Hydrogeochemical evolution of interaction between surface water and groundwater affected by exploitation. Groundwater 57:430–442

Hua K, Xiao J, Li S, Li Z (2019) Analysis of hydrochemical characteristics and their controlling factors in the Fen River of China. Sustain Cities Soc 52:101827

Huang T, Pang Z (2011) Estimating groundwater recharge following land-use change using chloride mass balance of soil profiles: a case study at Guyuan and Xifeng in the Loess Plateau of China. Hydrogeol J 19:177–186

Huang T, Pang Z, Liu J, Ma J, Gates J (2017) Groundwater recharge mechanism in an integrated tableland of the Loess Plateau, northern China: insights from environmental tracers. Hydrogeol J 25:2049–2065

Huang Y, Chang Q, Li Z (2018) Land use change impacts on the amount and quality of recharge water in the loess tablelands of China. Sci Total Environ 628-629:443–452

Huang Y, Evaristo J, Li Z (2019) Multiple tracers reveal different groundwater recharge mechanisms in deep loess deposits. Geoderma 353:204–212

Ismail AH, Shareef MA, Alatar FM (2019) Hydrochemistry of groundwater and its suitability for drinking and irrigation in Baghdad, Iraq. Environ Process 6:543–560

Jasechko S, Perrone D, Befus KM, Cardenas MB, Ferguson G, Gleeson T, Luijendijk E, McDonnell JJ, Taylor RG, Wada Y, Kirchner JW (2017) Global aquifers dominated by fossil groundwaters but wells vulnerable to modern contamination. Nat Geosci 10:425–429

Ji W, Huang Y, Li B, Hopkins DW, Liu W, Li Z (2020) Legacy nitrate in the deep loess deposits after conversion of arable farmland to non-fertilized land uses for degraded land restoration. Land Degrad Dev 31:1355–1365

Jiang P, Yu G, Zhang Q, Zou Y, Tang Q, Kang Z, Sytharith P, Xiao H (2020) Chemical weathering and CO2 consumption rates of rocks in the Bishuiyan subterranean basin of Guangxi, China. Sci Rep 10:11677

Kou Y, Li Z, Hua K, Li Z (2019) Hydrochemical characteristics, controlling factors, and solute sources of streamflow and groundwater in the Hei River Catchment, China. Water 11:2293

Larssen T, Seip HM, Semb A, Mulder J, Eilertsen O (1999) Acid deposition and its effects in China: an overview. Environ Sci Policy 2:9–24

Li P (2018) Mine Water Problems and Solutions in China. Mine Water Environ 37:217–221

Li Peiyue, Wu J, Qian H (2014) Hydrogeochemistry and quality assessment of shallow groundwater in the southern part of the yellow river Alluvial Plain (Zhongwei Section), Northwest China. Earth Sci Res J 18(1):27–38. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v18n1.34048

Li Z, Zheng F, Liu WZ, Flanagan DC (2010) Spatial distribution and temporal trends of extreme temperature and precipitation events on the Loess Plateau of China during 1961–2007. Quat Int 226:92–100

Li P, Zhang Y, Yang N, Jing L, Yu P (2016) Major ion chemistry and quality assessment of groundwater in and around a mountainous tourist town of China. Expo Health 8:239–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-016-0198-6

Li P, Tian R, Xue C, Wu J (2017a) Progress, opportunities and key fields for groundwater quality research under the impacts of human activities in China with a special focus on western China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24:13224–13234

Li Z, Chen X, Liu W, Si B (2017b) Determination of groundwater recharge mechanism in the deep loessial unsaturated zone by environmental tracers. Sci Total Environ 586:827–835

Li Z, Coles AE, Xiao J (2019b) Groundwater and streamflow sources in China’s Loess Plateau on catchment scale. Catena 181:104075

Li Z, Xiao J, Evaristo J, Li Z (2019c) Spatiotemporal variations in the hydrochemical characteristics and controlling factors of streamflow and groundwater in the Wei River of China. Environ Pollut 254:113006

Liu F, Wang S, Yeh TCJ, Zhen P, Wang L, Shi L (2020) Using multivariate statistical techniques and geochemical modelling to identify factors controlling the evolution of groundwater chemistry in a typical transitional area between Taihang Mountains and North China Plain. Hydrol Process 34:1888–1905

Loh YSA, Akurugu BA, Manu E, Aliou AS (2019) Assessment of groundwater quality and the main controls on its hydrochemistry in some Voltaian and basement aquifers, northern Ghana. Groundw Sustain Dev 10:100296

Long Y, Huang T, Zhang F, Pang Z (2021) Origin of sulfate in the unsaturated zone and groundwater of a loess aquifer. Hydrol Process 35:e14166

López-Alvis J, Carrera-Hernández JJ, Levresse G, Nieto-Samaniego ÁF (2019) Assessment of groundwater depletion caused by excessive extraction through groundwater flow modeling: the Celaya aquifer in central Mexico. Environ Earth Sci 78:482

Marcé R, Obrador B, Morguí JA, Lluís Riera J, López P, Armengol J (2015) Carbonate weathering as a driver of CO2 supersaturation in lakes. Nat Geosci 8:107–111

Masoud MHZ, Basahi JM, Rajmohan N (2018) Impact of flash flood recharge on groundwater quality and its suitability in the Wadi Baysh Basin, Western Saudi Arabia: an integrated approach. Environ Earth Sci 77:395

Mirzavand M, Sadeghi SH, Bagheri R (2020) Groundwater and soil salinization and geochemical evolution of Femenin-Ghahavand plain, Iran. Environ Sci Pollut R 27:43056–43066

Mortazavi A, Nasab H (2017) Analysis of the behavior of large underground oil storage caverns in salt rock. Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech 41:602–624

Noh H, Huh Y, Qin J, Ellis A (2009) Chemical weathering in the Three Rivers region of Eastern Tibet. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 73:1857–1877

Paul R, Brindha K, Gowrisankar G, Tan ML, Singh K (2019) Identification of hydrogeochemical processes controlling groundwater quality in Tripura, Northeast India using evaluation indices, GIS, and multivariate statistical methods. Environ Earth Sci 78:470

Penha AM, Chambel A, Murteira M, Morais M (2016) Influence of different land uses on groundwater quality in southern Portugal. Environ Earth Sci 75:622

Rao NS (2020) Spatial distribution of quality of groundwater and probabilistic non-carcinogenic risk from a rural dry climatic region of South India. Environ Geochem Health 43:971–993. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00621-3

Rao NS, Sunitha B, Adimalla N, Chaudhary M (2020) Quality criteria for groundwater use from a rural part of Wanaparthy District, Telangana State, India, through ionic spatial distribution (ISD), entropy water quality index (EWQI) and principal component analysis (PCA). Environ Geochem Health 42:579–599

Roy S, Gaillardet J, Allègre CJ (1999) Geochemistry of dissolved and suspended loads of the Seine River, France: anthropogenic impact, carbonate and silicate weathering. Geochim Cosmochim Ac 63:1277–1292. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00099-X

Sarin MM, Krishnaswami S, Dilli K, Somayajulu BLK, Moore WS (1989) Major ion chemistry of the Ganga-Brahmaputr river system: weathering processes and fluxes to the Bay of Bengal. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 53:997–1009

Wang J, Liu G, Liu H, Lam PKS (2017) Multivariate statistical evaluation of dissolved trace elements and a water quality assessment in the middle reaches of Huaihe River, Anhui, China. Sci Total Environ 583:421–431

Wu J, Sun Z (2016) Evaluation of shallow groundwater contamination and associated human health risk in an Alluvial Plain impacted by agricultural and industrial activities. Mid-west China Expo Health 8:311–329

Wu L, Huh Y, Qin J, Du G, Lee SVD (2005) Chemical weathering in the Upper Huang He (Yellow River) draining the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 69:279–5294

Xiao J, Jin Z, Wang J, Zhang F (2015) Hydrochemical characteristics, controlling factors and solute sources of groundwater within the Tarim River Basin in the extreme arid region, NW Tibetan Plateau. Quat Int 380-381:237–246

Xiao J, Jin ZD, Zhang F (2016) Spatial characteristics and controlling factors of chemical weathering of loess in the dry season in the middle Loess Plateau, China. Hydrol Process 30:4855–4869

Xiao J, Wang L, Deng L, Jin Z (2018) Characteristics, sources, water quality and health risk assessment of trace elements in river water and well water in the Chinese loess plateau. Sci Total Environ 650:2004–2012

Yu Y, Jin Z, Chu G, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhao Y (2020) Effects of valley reshaping and damming on surface and groundwater nitrate on the Chinese Loess Plateau. J Hydrol 584:124702

Zaidi FK, Nazzal Y, Jafri MK, Naeem M, Ahmed I (2015) Reverse ion exchange as a major process controlling the groundwater chemistry in an arid environment: a case study from northwestern Saudi Arabia. Environ Monit Assess 187:607

Zanotti C, Rotiroti M, Fumagalli L, Stefania GA, Canonaco F, Stefenelli G, Prévôt ASH, Leoni B, Bonomi T (2019) Groundwater and surface water quality characterization through positive matrix factorization combined with GIS approach. Water Res 159:122–134

Zhang Q, Wang H, Long W (2018) Tracing nitrate pollution sources and transformations in the over-exploited groundwater region of North China using stable isotopes. J Contam Hydrol 218:1–9

Zhang H, Bian J, Wan H (2021) Hydrochemical appraisal of groundwater quality and pollution source analysis of oil field area: a case study in Daqing City, China. Environ Sci Pollut R 28:18667–18685

Zhu Y, Jia X, Shao M (2018) Loess thickness variations across the Loess Plateau of China. Surv Geophys 39:715–727