Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments Tập 364 Số 1526 - Trang 1985-1998 - 2009
David K. A. Barnes, François Galgani, Richard C. Thompson, Morton A. Barlaz
One of the most ubiquitous and long-lasting recent changes to the surface of our planet is the accumulation and fragmentation of plastics. Within just a few decades since mass production of plastic products commenced in the 1950s, plastic debris has accumulated in terrestrial environments, in the open ocean, on shorelines of even the most remote islands and in the deep sea. Annual clean-up...... hiện toàn bộ Estimating terrestrial biodiversity through extrapolation Tập 345 Số 1311 - Trang 101-118 - 1994
Robert K. Colwell, Jonathan A. Coddington
Both the magnitude and the urgency of the task of assessing global biodiversity require that we make the most of what we know through the use of estimation and extrapolation. Likewise, future biodiversity inventories need to be designed around the use of effective sampling and estimation procedures, especially for ‘hyperdiverse’ groups of terrestrial organisms, such as arthropods, nematode...... hiện toàn bộ DNA barcoding Australia's fish species Tập 360 Số 1462 - Trang 1847-1857 - 2005
Robert Ward, Tyler Zemlak, B. H. Innes, Peter R. Last, Paul D. N. Hebert
Two hundred and seven species of fish, mostly Australian marine fish, were sequenced (barcoded) for a 655 bp region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (cox1). Most species were represented by multiple specimens, and 754 sequences were generated. The GC content of the 143 species of teleosts was higher than the 61 species of sharks and rays (47...... hiện toàn bộ Investigations into resting-state connectivity using independent component analysis Tập 360 Số 1457 - Trang 1001-1013 - 2005
Christian F. Beckmann, Marilena DeLuca, Joseph T. Devlin, Stephen M. Smith
Inferring resting-state connectivity patterns from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is a challenging task for any analytical technique. In this paper, we review a probabilistic independent component analysis (PICA) approach, optimized for the analysis of fMRI data, and discuss the role which this exploratory technique can take in scientific investigations into the structur...... hiện toàn bộ The broaden–and–build theory of positive emotions Tập 359 Số 1449 - Trang 1367-1377 - 2004
Barbara L. Fredrickson
The broaden–and–build theory describes the form and function of a subset of positive emotions, including joy, interest, contentment and love. A key proposition is that these positive emotionsbroadenan individual's momentary thought–action repertoire: joy sparks the urge to play, interest sparks the urge to explore, contentment sparks the urge to savour and integr...... hiện toàn bộ Food waste within food supply chains: quantification and potential for change to 2050 Tập 365 Số 1554 - Trang 3065-3081 - 2010
Julian Parfitt, Mark Barthel, Sarah J. Macnaughton
Food waste in the global food supply chain is reviewed in relation to the prospects for feeding a population of nine billion by 2050. Different definitions of food waste with respect to the complexities of food supply chains (FSCs)are discussed. An international literature review found a dearth of data on food waste and estimates varied widely; those for post-harvest losses of grain in dev...... hiện toàn bộ Plastics, the environment and human health: current consensus and future trends Tập 364 Số 1526 - Trang 2153-2166 - 2009
Richard C. Thompson, Charles J. Moore, Frederick S. vom Saal, Shanna H. Swan
Plastics have transformed everyday life; usage is increasing and annual production is likely to exceed 300 million tonnes by 2010. In this concluding paper to the Theme Issue on Plastics, the Environment and Human Health, we synthesize current understanding of the benefits and concerns surrounding the use of plastics and look to future priorities, challenges and opportunities. It is eviden...... hiện toàn bộ Risk factors for human disease emergence Tập 356 Số 1411 - Trang 983-989 - 2001
Louise Taylor, Sophia M. Latham, Mark Woolhouse
A comprehensive literature review identifies 1415 species of infectious organism known to be pathogenic to humans, including 217 viruses and prions, 538 bacteria and rickettsia, 307 fungi, 66 protozoa and 287 helminths. Out of these, 868 (61%) are zoonotic, that is, they can be transmitted between humans and animals, and 175 pathogenic species are associated with diseases considered to be ...... hiện toàn bộ Transport and release of chemicals from plastics to the environment and to wildlife Tập 364 Số 1526 - Trang 2027-2045 - 2009
Emma L. Teuten, Jovita M. Saquing, Detlef R.U. Knappe, Morton A. Barlaz, Susanne Jonsson, Annika Björn, Steven J. Rowland, Richard C. Thompson, Tamara S. Galloway, Rei Yamashita, Daisuke Ochi, Yutaka Watanuki, Charles J. Moore, Pham Hung Viet, Touch Seang Tana, Maricar S. Prudente, Ruchaya Boonyatumanond, Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria, Kongsap Akkhavong, Yuko Ogata, Hisashi Hirai, Satoru Iwasa, Kaoruko Mizukawa, Yuki Hagino, Ayako Imamura, M.K. Saha, Hideshige Takada
Plastics debris in the marine environment, including resin pellets, fragments and microscopic plastic fragments, contain organic contaminants, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, petroleum hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides (2,2′-bis(
p-
chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane, hexach...... hiện toàn bộ Plastics recycling: challenges and opportunities Tập 364 Số 1526 - Trang 2115-2126 - 2009
Jefferson Hopewell, Robert G Dvorak, Edward Kosior
Plastics are inexpensive, lightweight and durable materials, which can readily be moulded into a variety of products that find use in a wide range of applications. As a consequence, the production of plastics has increased markedly over the last 60 years. However, current levels of their usage and disposal generate several environmental problems. Around 4 per cent of world oil and gas prod...... hiện toàn bộ