Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

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Personality-dependent dispersal: characterization, ontogeny and consequences for spatially structured populations
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences - Tập 365 Số 1560 - Trang 4065-4076 - 2010
Julien Côté, Jean Clobert, Tomas Brodin, Sean Fogarty, Andrew Sih
Dispersal is one of the most fundamental components of ecology, and affects processes as diverse as population growth, metapopulation dynamics, gene flow and adaptation. Although the act of moving from one habitat to another entails major costs to the disperser, empirical and theoretical studies suggest that these costs can be reduced by having morphological, physiological or behavioural s...... hiện toàn bộ
Approximating the coalescent with recombination
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences - Tập 360 Số 1459 - Trang 1387-1393 - 2005
Gil McVean, Niall J. Cardin
The coalescent with recombination describes the distribution of genealogical histories and resulting patterns of genetic variation in samples of DNA sequences from natural populations. However, using the model as the basis for inference is currently severely restricted by the computational challenge of estimating the likelihood. We discuss why the coalescent with recombination is so challe...... hiện toàn bộ
Continuing the debate on the role of Quaternary environmental change for macroevolution
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences - Tập 359 Số 1442 - Trang 295-303 - 2004
K. D. Bennett
The Quaternary has been a period of dramatic environmental change for the past 1.8 Myr, with major shifts in distributions and abundances of terrestrial and marine organisms. The evolutionary consequences of this have been debated since the nineteenth century. However, the lack of accurate relative and absolute time–scales for evolutions and environmental change inhibited progress. We do n...... hiện toàn bộ
Proliferation, neurogenesis and regeneration in the non-mammalian vertebrate brain
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences - Tập 363 Số 1489 - Trang 101-122 - 2008
Jan Kaslin, Julia Ganz, Michael Brand
Post-embryonic neurogenesis is a fundamental feature of the vertebrate brain. However, the level of adult neurogenesis decreases significantly with phylogeny. In the first part of this review, a comparative analysis of adult neurogenesis and its putative roles in vertebrates are discussed. Adult neurogenesis in mammals is restricted to two telencephalic constitutively active zones. On the ...... hiện toàn bộ
Action selection and refinement in subcortical loops through basal ganglia and cerebellum
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences - Tập 362 Số 1485 - Trang 1573-1583 - 2007
James C. Houk, Christina Bastianen, D Fansler, Ayelet Fishbach, David A. Fraser, Paul J. Reber, Stephane A. Roy, Lucia S. Simó
Subcortical loops through the basal ganglia and the cerebellum form computationally powerful distributed processing modules (DPMs). This paper relates the computational features of a DPM's loop through the basal ganglia to experimental results for two kinds of natural action selection. First, functional imaging during a serial order recall task was used to study human brain activity during...... hiện toàn bộ
Wound healing and inflammation: embryos reveal the way to perfect repair
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences - Tập 359 Số 1445 - Trang 777-784 - 2004
Michael J. Redd, Lisa Cooper, Will Wood, Brian Stramer, Paul Martin
Tissue repair in embryos is rapid, efficient and perfect and does not leave a scar, an ability that is lost as development proceeds. Wheras adult wound keratinocytes crawl forwards over the exposed substratum to close the gap, a wound in the embryonic epidermis is closed by contraction of a rapidly assembled actin purse string. Blocking assembly of this cable in chick and mouse embryos, by...... hiện toàn bộ
Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences - Tập 364 Số 1526 - Trang 1985-1998 - 2009
David K. A. Barnes, François Galgani, Richard C. Thompson, Morton A. Barlaz
One of the most ubiquitous and long-lasting recent changes to the surface of our planet is the accumulation and fragmentation of plastics. Within just a few decades since mass production of plastic products commenced in the 1950s, plastic debris has accumulated in terrestrial environments, in the open ocean, on shorelines of even the most remote islands and in the deep sea. Annual clean-up...... hiện toàn bộ
Socially intelligent robots: dimensions of human–robot interaction
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences - Tập 362 Số 1480 - Trang 679-704 - 2007
Kerstin Dautenhahn
Social intelligence in robots has a quite recent history in artificial intelligence and robotics. However, it has become increasingly apparent that social and interactive skills are necessary requirements in many application areas and contexts where robots need to interact and collaborate with other robots or humans. Research on human–robot interaction (HRI) poses many challenges regarding...... hiện toàn bộ
Temperament and brain networks of attention
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences - Tập 373 Số 1744 - Trang 20170254 - 2018
Michael I. Posner, Mary K. Rothbart
The attention networks of the human brain are important control systems that develop from infancy into adulthood. While they are common to everyone, they differ in efficiency, forming the basis of individual differences in attention. We have developed methods for measuring the efficiency of these networks in older children and adults and have also examined their development from infancy. D...... hiện toàn bộ
Towards an executive without a homunculus: computational models of the prefrontal cortex/basal ganglia system
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences - Tập 362 Số 1485 - Trang 1601-1613 - 2007
Thomas E. Hazy, Michael J. Frank, Randall C. O’Reilly
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has long been thought to serve as an ‘executive’ that controls the selection of actions and cognitive functions more generally. However, the mechanistic basis of this executive function has not been clearly specified often amounting to a homunculus. This paper reviews recent attempts to deconstruct this homunculus by elucidating the precise computational and neu...... hiện toàn bộ
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