Transport and release of chemicals from plastics to the environment and to wildlife

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences - Tập 364 Số 1526 - Trang 2027-2045 - 2009
Emma L. Teuten1,2, Jovita M. Saquing3, Detlef R.U. Knappe3, Morton A. Barlaz3, Susanne Jonsson4, Annika Björn4, Steven J. Rowland5, Richard C. Thompson1, Tamara S. Galloway6,7, Rei Yamashita8, Daisuke Ochi8, Yutaka Watanuki8, Charles J. Moore9, Pham Hung Viet10, Touch Seang Tana11, Maricar S. Prudente12, Ruchaya Boonyatumanond13, Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria14, Kongsap Akkhavong15, Yuko Ogata16, Hisashi Hirai16, Satoru Iwasa16, Kaoruko Mizukawa16, Yuki Hagino16, Ayako Imamura16, M.K. Saha16, Hideshige Takada16
1Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Marine Institute University of Plymouth, A403 Portland Square, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
2School of Engineering and Electronics, University of Edinburgh, Old College, South Bridge Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
3Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, PO Box 7908, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
4Department of Water and Environmental Studies, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
5Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Marine Institute, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
6School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
7University of Exeter,
8Graduate School of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
9Algalita Marine Research Foundation, 148 Marina Drive Long Beach, CA 90803, USA
10Research Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, T3 Building, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanh Xuan District, Hanoi, Vietnam
11Economic, Social and Cultural Observation Unit, Office of the Council of Minister, Sahapoan Russi Blvd., Phnom Penh, Kingdom of Cambodia
12Science Education Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Malate, 1004 Manila, The Philippines
13Environmental Research and Training Center, Bangkok, Technopolis, Klong 5, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
14Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
15National Institute of Public Health, Samsenthai road, Ban Kao-Gnod, Sisattanak District, Vientiane Municipality, LAO People's Democratic Republic
16Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry (LOG), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan

Tóm tắt

Plastics debris in the marine environment, including resin pellets, fragments and microscopic plastic fragments, contain organic contaminants, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, petroleum hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides (2,2′-bis( p- chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane, hexachlorinated hexanes), polybrominated diphenylethers, alkylphenols and bisphenol A, at concentrations from sub ng g –1 to µg g –1 . Some of these compounds are added during plastics manufacture, while others adsorb from the surrounding seawater. Concentrations of hydrophobic contaminants adsorbed on plastics showed distinct spatial variations reflecting global pollution patterns. Model calculations and experimental observations consistently show that polyethylene accumulates more organic contaminants than other plastics such as polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride. Both a mathematical model using equilibrium partitioning and experimental data have demonstrated the transfer of contaminants from plastic to organisms. A feeding experiment indicated that PCBs could transfer from contaminated plastics to streaked shearwater chicks. Plasticizers, other plastics additives and constitutional monomers also present potential threats in terrestrial environments because they can leach from waste disposal sites into groundwater and/or surface waters. Leaching and degradation of plasticizers and polymers are complex phenomena dependent on environmental conditions in the landfill and the chemical properties of each additive. Bisphenol A concentrations in leachates from municipal waste disposal sites in tropical Asia ranged from sub µg l –1 to mg l –1 and were correlated with the level of economic development.

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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Tập 364 Số 1526

2027-2045

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