Medical Decision Making
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Cơ quản chủ quản: SAGE Publications Inc.
Lĩnh vực:
Health Policy
Các bài báo tiêu biểu
Markov Models in Medical Decision Making
Tập 13 Số 4 - Trang 322-338 - 1993
Markov models are useful when a decision problem involves risk that is
continuous over time, when the timing of events is important, and when important
events may happen more than once. Representing such clinical settings with
conventional decision trees is difficult and may require unrealistic simplifying
assumptions. Markov models assume that a patient is always in one of a finite
number of disc...
The Markov Process in Medical Prognosis
Tập 3 Số 4 - Trang 419-458 - 1983
The physician's estimate of prognosis under alternative treatment plans is a
principal factor in therapeutic decision making. Current methods of reporting
prognosis, which include five-year survivals, survival curves, and
quality-adjusted life expec tancy, are crude estimates of natural history. In
this paper we describe a general- purpose model of medical prognosis based on
the Markov process and...
Willingness to Pay for a Quality-adjusted Life Year
Tập 20 Số 3 - Trang 332-342 - 2000
Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) provides a clear decision rule: undertake an
intervention if the monetary value of its benefits exceed its costs. However,
due to a reluctance to characterize health benefits in monetary terms, users of
cost-utility and cost-effectiveness analyses must rely on arbitrary standards
(e.g., < $50,000 per QALY) to deem a program "cost-effective." Moreover, there
is no consen...
Measuring Numeracy without a Math Test: Development of the Subjective Numeracy Scale
Tập 27 Số 5 - Trang 672-680 - 2007
Background. Basic numeracy skills are necessary before patients can understand
the risks of medical treatments. Previous research has used objective measures,
similar to mathematics tests, to evaluate numeracy. Objectives. To design a
subjective measure (i.e., self-assessment) of quantitative ability that
distinguishes low- and high-numerate individuals yet is less aversive, quicker
to administer,...
Analyzing a Portion of the ROC Curve
Tập 9 Số 3 - Trang 190-195 - 1989
The area under the ROC curve is a common index summarizing the information
contained in the curve. When comparing two ROC curves, though, problems arise
when interest does not lie in the entire range of false-positive rates (and
hence the entire area). Numerical integration is suggested for evaluating the
area under a portion of the ROC curve. Variance estimates are derived. The
method is applicab...
Model Transparency and Validation
Tập 32 Số 5 - Trang 733-743 - 2012
Trust and confidence are critical to the success of health care models. There
are two main methods for achieving this: transparency (people can see how the
model is built) and validation (how well it reproduces reality). This report
describes recommendations for achieving transparency and validation, developed
by a task force appointed by the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and
Outcome...
A Reasoned Action Approach to Health Promotion
Tập 28 Số 6 - Trang 834-844 - 2008
This article describes the integrative model of behavioral prediction (IM), the
latest formulation of a reasoned action approach. The IM attempts to identify a
limited set of variables that can account for a considerable proportion of the
variance in any given behavior. More specifically, consistent with the original
theory of reasoned action, the IM assumes that intentions are the immediate
antec...
Quality-adjusted Life Years, Utility Theory, and Healthy-years Equivalents
Tập 9 Số 2 - Trang 142-149 - 1989
Decisions about medical treatments and the settings of health programs are not
purely technical, but also involve issues of value such as the evaluation of
trade-offs between quality of life (morbidity) and quantity of life (mortality).
The most commonly used measure of outcome in such cases is the quality-adjusted
life year (QALY). The authors show that QALYs, being a health status index, do
not ...
Willingness to Pay
Tập 14 Số 3 - Trang 289-297 - 1994
The development of methods to measure willingness to pay (WTP) has renewed
interest in cost-benefit analysis (CBA) for the economic evaluation of health
care programs. The authors studied the construct validity and test-retest
reliability of WTP as a measure of health state preferences in a survey of 102
persons (mean age 62 years; 54% male) who had chronic lung disease (forced
expiratory volume <...