Medical Decision Making

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Are Preferences for Equality a Matter of Perspective?
Medical Decision Making - Tập 25 Số 4 - Trang 449-459 - 2005
David Schwappach
Background . Many subjects attach equal value to different health care programs in surveys eliciting preferences for resource allocation. It has been suggested that subjects may be prepared to attach different priority if they were asked to evaluate someone else’s decision instead of adopting the role of a social decision maker. This study investigated whether the perspective individuals ...... hiện toàn bộ
Age Weights for Health Services Derived from the Relative Social Willingness-to-Pay Instrument
Medical Decision Making - Tập 37 Số 3 - Trang 239-251 - 2017
Jeff Richardson, John McKie, Angelo Iezzi, A S Maxwell
The effect of a patient’s age on the social valuation of health services remains controversial, with empirical results varying in magnitude and implying a different age-value profile. This article employs a new methodology to re-examine these questions. Data were obtained from 2 independent Web-based surveys that administered the Relative Social Willingness to Pay instrument. In the first...... hiện toàn bộ
Validation of a Short, 3-Item Version of the Subjective Numeracy Scale
Medical Decision Making - Tập 35 Số 8 - Trang 932-936 - 2015
Candace D. McNaughton, Kerri L. Cavanaugh, Sunil Kripalani, Russell L. Rothman, Kenneth A. Wallston
Background and Objective. Efficiency in scale design reduces respondent burden. A brief but reliable measure of numeracy may provide a useful research tool eligible for integration into large epidemiological studies or clinical trials. Our goal was to validate a 3-item version of the Subjective Numeracy Scale (SNS-3). Design and Setting. We examined 7 separate cross-sectional data sets: p...... hiện toàn bộ
Gaussian Process Modeling in Conjunction with Individual Patient Simulation Modeling: A Case Study Describing the Calculation of Cost-Effectiveness Ratios for the Treatment of Established Osteoporosis
Medical Decision Making - Tập 24 Số 1 - Trang 89-100 - 2004
Matt Stevenson, Jeremy E. Oakley, J. Chilcott
Individual patient-level models can simulate more complex disease processes than cohort-based approaches. However, large numbers of patients need to be simulated to reduce 1storder uncertainty, increasing the computational time required and often resulting in the inability to perform extensive sensitivity analyses. A solution, employing Gaussian process techniques, is presented using a ca...... hiện toàn bộ
A Second-Order Simulation Model of the Cost-Effectiveness of Managing Dyspepsia in the United States
Medical Decision Making - Tập 28 Số 1 - Trang 44-55 - 2008
Pelham Barton, Paul Moayyedi, Nicholas J. Talley, Nimish Vakil, Brendan Delaney
Background. The ``gold-standard'' evidence of effectiveness for a clinical practice guideline is the randomized controlled trial (RCT), although RCTs have a limited ability to explore potential management strategies for a chronic disease where these interact over time. Modeling can be used to fill this gap, and models have become increasingly complex, with both dynamic sampling and repres...... hiện toàn bộ
Comparing Three-class Diagnostic Tests by Three-way ROC Analysis
Medical Decision Making - Tập 20 Số 3 - Trang 323-331 - 2000
Stephan Dreiseitl, Lucila Ohno‐Machado, Michael Binder
Three-way ROC surfaces are based on a generalization of dichotomous ROC analysis to three-class diagnostic tests. The discriminatory power of three-class diagnostic tests is measured by the volume under the ROC surface. This measure can be given a probabilistic interpretation similar to the equivalence of the c-index to the area under the ROC curve. This article presents a method to calcu...... hiện toàn bộ
Cost - Effectiveness Analysis, Extended Dominance, and Ethics
Medical Decision Making - Tập 14 Số 3 - Trang 259-265 - 1994
Scott B. Cantor
The principle of extended dominance is applied in incremental cost-effectiveness analysis to eliminate from consideration strategies whose costs and benefits are improved by a mixed strategy of two other alternatives. Ethical considerations arise, however, in that equal care is not provided to all of the population. To explore these concerns, the authors establish a theoretical health car...... hiện toàn bộ
Inconsistencies in TTO and VAS Values for EQ-5D Health States
Medical Decision Making - Tập 26 Số 2 - Trang 173-181 - 2006
Leida M. Lamers, Peep F. M. Stalmeier, Paul F. M. Krabbe, Jan J.V. Busschbach
Background. Most EQ-5D health states can be ordered logically. When people assign values to different health states, they may violate this logical order, which can be seen as inconsistencies. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of inconsistently valued EQ-5D health states on mean visual analog scale (VAS) and time trade-off (TTO) values. The authors also examined the...... hiện toàn bộ
Latent Class Models Reveal Poor Agreement between Discrete-Choice and Time Tradeoff Preferences
Medical Decision Making - Tập 39 Số 4 - Trang 421-436 - 2019
Eleanor Pullenayegum, A. Simon Pickard, Feng Xie
Background. In health economics, there has been interest in using discrete-choice experiments (DCEs) to derive preferences for health states in lieu of previously established approaches like time tradeoff (TTO). We examined whether preferences elicited through DCEs are associated and agree with preferences elicited through TTO tasks. Methods. We used data from 1073 respondents to the Cana...... hiện toàn bộ
Anchoring-and-Adjustment Bias in Communication of Disease Risk
Medical Decision Making - Tập 29 Số 2 - Trang 193-201 - 2009
İbrahim Şenay, Kimberly A. Kaphingst
Over the next decade, advances in genomics will make it increasingly possible to provide patients with personalized, genetic-based risks of common diseases, allowing them the opportunity to take preventive steps through behavioral changes. However, previous research indicates that people may insufficiently adjust their subjective risk to the objective risk value communicated to them by a ...... hiện toàn bộ
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