Medical Decision Making

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Presenting the Results of Cochrane Systematic Reviews to a Consumer Audience: A Qualitative Study
Medical Decision Making - Tập 30 Số 5 - Trang 566-577 - 2010
Claire Glenton, Nancy Santesso, Sarah Rosenbaum, Elin Strømme Nilsen, Tamara Rader, Agustín Ciapponi, Helen Dilkes
Objective. To develop and obtain feedback about a summary format for Cochrane reviews that is accessible to a consumer audience, without oversimplification or incorrect presentation. Methods. We developed 3 versions of a Plain Language Summary (PLS) format of a Cochrane Systematic Review. Using a semi-structured interview guide we tested these versions among 34 members of the public in No...... hiện toàn bộ
Are Preferences for Equality a Matter of Perspective?
Medical Decision Making - Tập 25 Số 4 - Trang 449-459 - 2005
David Schwappach
Background . Many subjects attach equal value to different health care programs in surveys eliciting preferences for resource allocation. It has been suggested that subjects may be prepared to attach different priority if they were asked to evaluate someone else’s decision instead of adopting the role of a social decision maker. This study investigated whether the perspective individuals ...... hiện toàn bộ
Age Weights for Health Services Derived from the Relative Social Willingness-to-Pay Instrument
Medical Decision Making - Tập 37 Số 3 - Trang 239-251 - 2017
Jeff Richardson, John McKie, Angelo Iezzi, A S Maxwell
The effect of a patient’s age on the social valuation of health services remains controversial, with empirical results varying in magnitude and implying a different age-value profile. This article employs a new methodology to re-examine these questions. Data were obtained from 2 independent Web-based surveys that administered the Relative Social Willingness to Pay instrument. In the first...... hiện toàn bộ
The Drug Facts Box: Providing Consumers with Simple Tabular Data on Drug Benefit and Harm
Medical Decision Making - Tập 27 Số 5 - Trang 655-662 - 2007
Lisa M. Schwartz, Steven Woloshin, H. Gilbert Welch
Context. Direct-to-consumer drug ads have been criticized for providing inadequate and misleading information. Requiring ads to include a table with data on drug benefits and side effects (derived from clinical trials) could help, provided that consumers understand such tabular information. Objective. To determine if people could understand and use a 9-row × 2-column ``study findings tabl...... hiện toàn bộ
Measuring Numeracy without a Math Test: Development of the Subjective Numeracy Scale
Medical Decision Making - Tập 27 Số 5 - Trang 672-680 - 2007
Angela Fagerlin, Brian J. Zikmund‐Fisher, Peter A. Ubel, Aleksandra Janković, Holly A. Derry, Dylan Smith
Background. Basic numeracy skills are necessary before patients can understand the risks of medical treatments. Previous research has used objective measures, similar to mathematics tests, to evaluate numeracy. Objectives. To design a subjective measure (i.e., self-assessment) of quantitative ability that distinguishes low- and high-numerate individuals yet is less aversive, quicker to ad...... hiện toàn bộ
Validation of a Short, 3-Item Version of the Subjective Numeracy Scale
Medical Decision Making - Tập 35 Số 8 - Trang 932-936 - 2015
Candace D. McNaughton, Kerri L. Cavanaugh, Sunil Kripalani, Russell L. Rothman, Kenneth A. Wallston
Background and Objective. Efficiency in scale design reduces respondent burden. A brief but reliable measure of numeracy may provide a useful research tool eligible for integration into large epidemiological studies or clinical trials. Our goal was to validate a 3-item version of the Subjective Numeracy Scale (SNS-3). Design and Setting. We examined 7 separate cross-sectional data sets: p...... hiện toàn bộ
The Impact of Oversampling with SMOTE on the Performance of 3 Classifiers in Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes
Medical Decision Making - Tập 36 Số 1 - Trang 137-144 - 2016
Azra Ramezankhani, Omid Pournik, Jamal Shahrabi, Fereidoun Azizi, Farzad Hadaegh, Davood Khalili
Objective. To evaluate the impact of the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) on the performance of probabilistic neural network (PNN), naïve Bayes (NB), and decision tree (DT) classifiers for predicting diabetes in a prospective cohort of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Methods. Data of the 6647 nondiabetic participants, aged 20 years or older with more than 10 ye...... hiện toàn bộ
Improving Decision Making at the End of Life With Video Images
Medical Decision Making - Tập 30 Số 1 - Trang 29-34 - 2010
Angelo E. Volandes, Michael J. Barry, Yuchiao Chang, Michael K. Paasche‐Orlow
Background. Decision making at the end of life is frequently complex and often filled with uncertainty. We hypothesized that people with limited health literacy would have more uncertainty about end-of-life decision making than people with adequate literacy. We also hypothesized that video images would decrease uncertainty. Design. Before and after oral survey. Participants. Subjects pres...... hiện toàn bộ
Gaussian Process Modeling in Conjunction with Individual Patient Simulation Modeling: A Case Study Describing the Calculation of Cost-Effectiveness Ratios for the Treatment of Established Osteoporosis
Medical Decision Making - Tập 24 Số 1 - Trang 89-100 - 2004
Matt Stevenson, Jeremy E. Oakley, J. Chilcott
Individual patient-level models can simulate more complex disease processes than cohort-based approaches. However, large numbers of patients need to be simulated to reduce 1storder uncertainty, increasing the computational time required and often resulting in the inability to perform extensive sensitivity analyses. A solution, employing Gaussian process techniques, is presented using a ca...... hiện toàn bộ
Markov Decision Processes: A Tool for Sequential Decision Making under Uncertainty
Medical Decision Making - Tập 30 Số 4 - Trang 474-483 - 2010
Oğuzhan Alagöz, Heather Hsu, Andrew J. Schaefer, Mark S. Roberts
We provide a tutorial on the construction and evaluation of Markov decision processes (MDPs), which are powerful analytical tools used for sequential decision making under uncertainty that have been widely used in many industrial and manufacturing applications but are underutilized in medical decision making (MDM). We demonstrate the use of an MDP to solve a sequential clinical treatment p...... hiện toàn bộ
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