Medical Decision Making
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Presenting the Results of Cochrane Systematic Reviews to a Consumer Audience: A Qualitative Study
Medical Decision Making - Tập 30 Số 5 - Trang 566-577 - 2010
Objective. To develop and obtain feedback about a summary format for Cochrane
reviews that is accessible to a consumer audience, without oversimplification or
incorrect presentation. Methods. We developed 3 versions of a Plain Language
Summary (PLS) format of a Cochrane Systematic Review. Using a semi-structured
interview guide we tested these versions among 34 members of the public in
Norway, Arg...
Are Preferences for Equality a Matter of Perspective?
Medical Decision Making - Tập 25 Số 4 - Trang 449-459 - 2005
Background . Many subjects attach equal value to different health care programs
in surveys eliciting preferences for resource allocation. It has been suggested
that subjects may be prepared to attach different priority if they were asked to
evaluate someone else’s decision instead of adopting the role of a social
decision maker. This study investigated whether the perspective individuals are
asked...
Age Weights for Health Services Derived from the Relative Social Willingness-to-Pay Instrument
Medical Decision Making - Tập 37 Số 3 - Trang 239-251 - 2017
The effect of a patient’s age on the social valuation of health services remains
controversial, with empirical results varying in magnitude and implying a
different age-value profile. This article employs a new methodology to
re-examine these questions. Data were obtained from 2 independent Web-based
surveys that administered the Relative Social Willingness to Pay instrument. In
the first survey, ...
The Drug Facts Box: Providing Consumers with Simple Tabular Data on Drug Benefit and Harm
Medical Decision Making - Tập 27 Số 5 - Trang 655-662 - 2007
Context. Direct-to-consumer drug ads have been criticized for providing
inadequate and misleading information. Requiring ads to include a table with
data on drug benefits and side effects (derived from clinical trials) could
help, provided that consumers understand such tabular information. Objective. To
determine if people could understand and use a 9-row × 2-column ``study findings
table'' prese...
Validation of a Short, 3-Item Version of the Subjective Numeracy Scale
Medical Decision Making - Tập 35 Số 8 - Trang 932-936 - 2015
Background and Objective. Efficiency in scale design reduces respondent burden.
A brief but reliable measure of numeracy may provide a useful research tool
eligible for integration into large epidemiological studies or clinical trials.
Our goal was to validate a 3-item version of the Subjective Numeracy Scale
(SNS-3). Design and Setting. We examined 7 separate cross-sectional data sets:
patients i...
Measuring Numeracy without a Math Test: Development of the Subjective Numeracy Scale
Medical Decision Making - Tập 27 Số 5 - Trang 672-680 - 2007
Background. Basic numeracy skills are necessary before patients can understand
the risks of medical treatments. Previous research has used objective measures,
similar to mathematics tests, to evaluate numeracy. Objectives. To design a
subjective measure (i.e., self-assessment) of quantitative ability that
distinguishes low- and high-numerate individuals yet is less aversive, quicker
to administer,...
The Impact of Oversampling with SMOTE on the Performance of 3 Classifiers in Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes
Medical Decision Making - Tập 36 Số 1 - Trang 137-144 - 2016
Objective. To evaluate the impact of the synthetic minority oversampling
technique (SMOTE) on the performance of probabilistic neural network (PNN),
naïve Bayes (NB), and decision tree (DT) classifiers for predicting diabetes in
a prospective cohort of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Methods. Data
of the 6647 nondiabetic participants, aged 20 years or older with more than 10
years of fo...
Improving Decision Making at the End of Life With Video Images
Medical Decision Making - Tập 30 Số 1 - Trang 29-34 - 2010
Background. Decision making at the end of life is frequently complex and often
filled with uncertainty. We hypothesized that people with limited health
literacy would have more uncertainty about end-of-life decision making than
people with adequate literacy. We also hypothesized that video images would
decrease uncertainty. Design. Before and after oral survey. Participants.
Subjects presenting to...
Gaussian Process Modeling in Conjunction with Individual Patient Simulation Modeling: A Case Study Describing the Calculation of Cost-Effectiveness Ratios for the Treatment of Established Osteoporosis
Medical Decision Making - Tập 24 Số 1 - Trang 89-100 - 2004
Individual patient-level models can simulate more complex disease processes than
cohort-based approaches. However, large numbers of patients need to be simulated
to reduce 1storder uncertainty, increasing the computational time required and
often resulting in the inability to perform extensive sensitivity analyses. A
solution, employing Gaussian process techniques, is presented using a case
study,...
Markov Decision Processes: A Tool for Sequential Decision Making under Uncertainty
Medical Decision Making - Tập 30 Số 4 - Trang 474-483 - 2010
We provide a tutorial on the construction and evaluation of Markov decision
processes (MDPs), which are powerful analytical tools used for sequential
decision making under uncertainty that have been widely used in many industrial
and manufacturing applications but are underutilized in medical decision making
(MDM). We demonstrate the use of an MDP to solve a sequential clinical treatment
problem u...
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