Journal of Orthopaedic Research
1554-527X
0736-0266
Mỹ
Cơ quản chủ quản: Wiley-Blackwell , WILEY
Lĩnh vực:
Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Phân tích ảnh hưởng
Thông tin về tạp chí
The Journal of Orthopaedic Research is the forum for the rapid publication of high quality reports of new information on the full spectrum of orthopaedic research, including life sciences, engineering, translational, and clinical studies.
Các bài báo tiêu biểu
Repeatability of kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic data in normal adult gait Abstract The repeatability of gait variables is an important consideration in the clinical use of results of quantitative gait analysis. Statistical measures were used to evaluate repeatability of kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic data waveforms and spatiotemporal parameters of 40 normal subjects. Subjects were evaluated three times on each test day and on three different test days while walking at their preferred or natural speed. Intrasubject repeatability was excellent for kinematic data in the sagittal plane both within a test day as well as between test days. For joint angle motion in the frontal and transverse planes, the repeatability was good within a test day and poor between test days. Poor between‐day repeatability of joint angle motion in the frontal and transverse planes was noted to be partly due to variabilities in the alignment of markers. Vertical reaction and fore–aft shear forces were more repeatable than the mediolateral shear force. Sagittal plane joint moments were more repeatable than frontal or transverse plane moments. For electromyographic data, repeatability within a day was slightly better than between test days. In general, the results demonstrate that with the subjects walking at their natural or preferred spped, the gait variables are quite repeatable. These observations suggest that it may be reasonable to base significant clinical decisions on the results of a single gait evaluation.
Tập 7 Số 6 - Trang 849-860 - 1989
Kinematics of the trapeziometacarpal joint after sectioning of ligaments Abstract This study was designed to examine the roles of ligaments in the maintenance of the articular kinematics of the trapeziometacarpal joint. Circumduction of the trapeziometacarpal joint was studied in 12 hands from fresh human cadavera. With use of a magnetic tracking system, changes in the motion of the base of the first metacarpal after ligament sectioning were analyzed and compared with those of the normal joint. Two sets of ligaments were sectioned: (a) the anterior oblique and ulnar collateral ligaments and (b) the first intermetacarpal ligament and the ulnar joint capsule. Sectioning of the anterior oblique and ulnar collateral ligaments resulted in a significant dorsal‐ulnar shift in the path of the base of the first metacarpal. However, sectioning of the first intermetacarpal ligament did not affect the movement pattern of the center of the base. The anterior oblique and ulnar collateral ligaments provided constraint of the trapeziometacarpal joint during circumduction of the thumb.
Tập 12 Số 2 - Trang 205-210 - 1994
Kinematics of the normal trapeziometacarpal joint Abstract Motion of the trapeziometacarpal joint was studied in 12 hands from fresh human cadavera. By use of a magnetic tracking system, a full range of motion of the first metacarpal was analyzed with respect to a defined trapezial coordinate system. The traces of the reference points on the head and base of the first metacarpal were monitored, and the instantaneous centers of rotation were calculated. During circumduction, the reference points on the head and base followed elliptical paths but in opposite directions. The average instantaneous center of circumduction was at approximately the center of the trapezial joint surface. In flexion‐extension, the axis of rotation was located within the trapezium, and the path of the head was identical to the path of the base. In abduction‐adduction, the axis of rotation was located distal to the trapezium within the base of the first metacarpal, and the base and head moved in opposite directions. There was no single center of rotation: rather, instantaneous motion occurred reciprocally between these centers of rotation within the trapezium and metacarpal base in the normal thumb. This changing instantaneous center of rotation results in a unique pattern of motion which is related to congruent, tightly constrained joint surfaces of two reciprocal saddle joints and to precisely positioned extraarticular ligaments.
Tập 12 Số 2 - Trang 197-204 - 1994
Contact areas in the thumb carpometacarpal joint Abstract The thumb carpometacarpal joint is a common site of osteoarthritis. It has been hypothesized that peaks of localized stress on the dorsoradial or volar‐ulnar regions, or both, of the articular surfaces of the trapezium and metacarpal lead to erosion of cartilage and may be responsible for the progression of the disease. The objective of this study was to determine the contact areas in this joint under the functional position of lateral (key) pinch and in the extremes of range of motion of the joint. These contact areas were assessed relative to the observed sites of cartilage thinning. Eight hands from cadavers of women and five from cadavers of men were tested in vitro with the thumb under a 25 N load in the lateral pinch position, and under small muscle loads (0–5 N) with the thumb in flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and neutral positions. Contact areas of articular surfaces of the thumb carpometacarpal joint were determined for these positions using a stereophotogrammetric technique. The lateral pinch position produced contact areas predominantly on the central, volar, and volar‐ulnar regions of the trapezium and the metacarpal. In three specimens, contact areas were distinctly separated between the dorsoradial and volar‐ulnar regions, and in one specimen, from a man, contact occurred exclusively on the dorsoradial region of the trapezium. Using stereophotogrammetry, maps of cartilage thickness also were determined for a subset of nine specimens. The volar‐ulnar, ulnar, and dorsoradial regions of the trapezium were the most common sites of thin cartilage, and these may be sites of cartilage wear. The results of this study indicate that the lateral pinch position produced stresses in the same regions where cartilage thinning was observed; this lends support to the hypothesis that high stresses can lead to osteoarthritis in this joint.
Tập 13 Số 3 - Trang 450-458 - 1995
Cell death after cartilage impact occurs around matrix cracks Abstract The damage from rapid high energy impacts to cartilage may contribute to the development of osteoarthritis (OA). Understanding how and when cells are damaged during and after the impact may provide insight into how these lesions progress. Mature bovine articular cartilage on the intact patella was impacted with a flat impacter to 53 MPa in 250 ms. Cell viability was determined by culturing the cartilage with nitroblue tetrazolium for 18 h or for 4 days in medium containing 5% serum before labeling (5‐day sample) and compared to adjacent, non‐impacted tissue as viable cells per area. There was a decrease in viable cell density only in specimens with macroscopic cracks and the loss was localized primarily near matrix cracks, which were in the upper 25% of the tissue. This was confirmed using confocal microscopy with a fluorescent live/dead assay, using 5′‐chloromethylfluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide. Cell viability in the impacted regions distant from visible cracks was no different than the non‐impacted control. At 5 days, viable cell density decreased in the surface layer in both the control and impacted tissue, but there was no additional impact‐related change. In summary, cell death after the impaction of cartilage on bone occurred around impact induced cracks, but not in impacted areas without cracks. If true in vivo, early stabilization of the damaged area may prevent late sequelae that lead to OA. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Tập 21 - Trang 881-887 - 2003
PPARγ is involved in the hyperglycemia‐induced inflammatory responses and collagen degradation in human chondrocytes and diabetic mouse cartilages ABSTRACT Diabetic hyperglycemia has been suggested to play a role in osteoarthritis. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPARγ) was implicated in several pathological conditions including diabetes and inflammation. The detailed effects and mechanisms of hyperglycemia on cartilage damage still need to be clarified. Here, we investigated the role of PPARγ in hyperglycemia‐triggered chondrocyte/cartilage damages using a human chondrocyte culture model and a diabetic mouse model. Human chondrocytes were cultured and treated with high concentration of glucose (30 mM) to mimic hyperglycemia in the presence or absence of pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist. Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce mouse diabetes. Our data showed that high glucose induced the protein expressions of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and production of prostaglandin‐E2 (PGE2 ), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and metalloproteinase‐13 (MMP‐13), but decreased the protein expression of collagen II and PPARγ in human chondrocytes. These alterations in high glucose‐treated human chondrocytes could be reversed by pioglitazone in a dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, pioglitazone administration could also significantly reverse the hyperglycemia, formation of AGEs, productions of IL‐6 and MMP‐13, and cartilage damage in STZ‐induced diabetic mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that hyperglycemia down‐regulates PPARγ expression and induces inflammatory and catabolic responses in human chondrocytes and diabetic mouse cartilages. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:???–???, 2015.
Tập 33 Số 3 - Trang 373-381 - 2015
In vivo kinematics of mobile‐bearing knee arthroplasty in deep knee bending motion Abstract The current study aimed to analyze kinematics during deep knee bending motion by subjects with fully congruent mobile‐bearing total knee arthroplasties allowing axial rotation and anteroposterior (AP) gliding. Twelve subjects were implanted with Dual Bearing Knee prostheses (DBK, slot type: Finsbury Orthopaedics, Surrey, UK). These implants include a mobile‐bearing insert that is fully congruent with the femoral component throughout flexion and allows axial rotation and limited AP translation. Sequential fluoroscopic images were taken in the sagittal plane during loaded knee bending motion. In vivo kinematics were analyzed using a two‐ to three‐dimensional registration technique, which uses computer‐assisted design models to reproduce the spatial position of femoral and tibial components from single‐view fluoroscopic images. The average femoral component demonstrated 13.4° external axial rotation for 0–120° flexion. On average, the medial condyle moved anteriorly 6.2 mm for 0–100° flexion, then posteriorly 4.0 mm for 100–120° flexion. On average, the lateral condyle moved anteriorly 1.0 mm for 0–40° flexion, then posteriorly 8.7 mm for 40–120° flexion. The typical subject exhibited a lateral pivot pattern from extension to 60° flexion and a central pivot pattern from 60° to 100° flexion, patterns that are not usually observed in normal knees. Subsequently from 100° to 120° flexion, a rollback pattern was reproduced in which bilateral condyles moved backward. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Tập 22 Số 5 - Trang 1044-1049 - 2004
<i>In vivo</i> kinematics of total knee arthroplasty: Flat compared with concave tibial joint surface Abstract This study evaluated the influence of the geometric configuration of the tibial joint area on the kinematics of the knee. Twenty‐two patients with noninflammatory arthritis and minor preoperative deformity were studied. They each received an AMK total knee replacement with retention of the posterior cruciate ligament. Eleven patients without any knee abnormalities were used as controls. The patients were stratified to either the flat (terminology of the manufacturer: standard) or concave (terminology of the manufacturer: constrained) polyethylene insert (n = 11 in each group). Knee kinematics were assessed 1 year after the operation by having the patient ascend a platform corresponding to an extension of the knee from 50 to 70° of flexion. During this motion, two film‐exchangers simultaneously exposed six to 13 pairs of serial stereoradiographs. The concave geometric configuration of the tibial insert resulted paradoxically in increased anterior‐posterior translations compared with the flat insect but no significant change of rotations and translations in the other directions. Compared with normal knees, the most obvious abnormality was increased anterior‐posterior translations (p < 0.004). At 50° of flexion, the implants with the flat tibial polyethylene insert had displaced 2 times and the concave ones had displaced 2.5 times more posteriorly than the normal knees (p ⩽ 0.001). Less internal tibial rotation was also recorded in the flexed positions for both types of inserts compared with the normal knees (p < 0.02). Four knees in four patients, who reported symptoms of instability and abnormal knee function, showed significantly increased proximal displacement of the center of the tibial plateau in the flexed position. The findings suggest that current prosthetic designs and surgical technique do not restore normal knee kinematics and indicate that design improvements should rely on in vivo kinematic studies.
Tập 18 Số 6 - Trang 856-864 - 2000
Muscle pathology and clinical measures of disability in children with cerebral palsy Abstract We performed a histologic and morphometric study of spastic muscle from 10 children with diplegic cerebral palsy, comparing muscle structure with the gait parameters of energy expenditure index and dynamic electromyography. Variations in fiber area within and between fiber types were increased significantly in children with cerebral palsy. In each of the control subjects, the combined coefficient of variation for type‐1 and type‐2 fiber area was less than 25% and the average was 17%; in the subjects with cerebral palsy, the combined coefficient of variation was more than 25% and the average was 36% (p ≤ 0.004). The average difference between the mean area of type‐1 and type‐2 fibers was 26.7 ± 18.9% for subjects with cerebral palsy and 4.2 ± 2.4% for control subjects (p ≤ 0.004). There was a 67% predominance of one fiber type in the subjects with cerebral palsy compared with a 55% predominance in the control subjects (p ≤ 0.03). The difference between the total area of type‐1 and type‐2 fibers was 57% in the subjects with cerebral palsy and 17% in the control subjects (p ≤ 0.002). There was a significant correlation between the combined coefficient of variation of fiber area and the energy expenditure index (r = 0.77, p ≤ 0.03). The difference between the mean area of type‐1 and type‐2 fibers correlated with prolongation of electromyographic activity (r = 0.69, p ≤ 0.05). No abnormalities in fiber ultrastructure were found in the subjects with cerebral palsy. Children with cerebral palsy had abnormal variation in the size of muscle fibers and altered distribution of fiber types. The values for variation in fiber area correlated with the energy expenditure index and with prolongation of electromyographic activity during walking.
Tập 12 Số 6 - Trang 758-768 - 1994
Femoral rollback of cruciate-retaining and posterior-stabilized total knee replacements: In vivo fluoroscopic analysis during activities of daily living
Tập 24 Số 12 - Trang 2222-2229 - 2006