We are in the midst of a technological revolution whereby, for the first time,
researchers can link daily word use to a broad array of real-world behaviors.
This article reviews several computerized text analysis methods and describes
how Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) was created and validated. LIWC is
a transparent text analysis program that counts words in psychologically
meaningful c... hiện toàn bộ
Past research has focused primarily on second language (L2) acquisition as a
tool for promoting intercultural communication. The social context model, for
example, stresses the importance of contact, L2 confidence, and identity in
acquiring a L2. The willingness to communicate (WTC) model, however, emerged
from a concern with the functions of L2 use. This study combines these two
models to conside... hiện toàn bộ
The present paper is concerned with the knowledge or cognitive representations
which individuals must possess in order to understand utterances occurring in
conversations. We examined Brown and Levinson's (1978) model which reconciles
the Cooperative Principle of Grice (1975) with the face-wants of conversational
interactants by relativising the operation of abstract principles of
conversation to ... hiện toàn bộ
Willingness to communicate (WTC) in a foreign language is linked to a range of
interacting learner-internal and learner-external variables. The present study
identified the predictors of WTC of 210 foreign language learners of English
from Spain. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the strongest (negative)
predictor of WTC was foreign language classroom anxiety, while foreign language
enjoy... hiện toàn bộ
This paper reviews research on the 'communication game' (Higgins, 1981a) that
supports two sets of conclusions. The first set of conclusions concerns
communication as social action: (a) Communicators tailor their summary of target
information to suit their audience's knowledge of or attitudes toward the
target; that is, they achieve 'shared reality' with their audience and thereby
perform a social... hiện toàn bộ
This article introduces the Emotional Broadcaster Theory (EBT) of emotional
disclosure. EBT proposes that the intrapsychic need to share experiences with
others serves the interpersonal function of transmitting news. According to the
model, psychologically arousing stories will travel across social networks. In
addition, the extent to which stories travel reflects the degree to which the
original ... hiện toàn bộ
Three experiments assessed four variables that may affect verbal irony
processing: people’s expectations of events, event outcome, evaluations of
outcome, and shared common ground. Reading times and rating tasks were used to
quantify the interaction of these factors. The failed expectation hypothesis
predicts an interaction of expectation, outcome, and evaluation. In contrast,
the expectation irre... hiện toàn bộ
Communication accommodation theory was used to predict relationships between the
degree of similarity of a source's and receiver's use of language intensity and
attributions made about the source of a message. A sample of 286 respondents,
whose use of language intensity had been assessed, read a persuasive message
written with either high or low language intensity. Actual similarity between
respon... hiện toàn bộ
Scalar terms have been the focus of much recent attention. People can interpret
such terms narrowly, for example, interpreting A or B to convey A or B but not
both, on the grounds that a speaker would have explicitly used a more
informative term (i.e., and) had he or she been in a position to do so; or they
can interpret such terms broadly ( A or B or both). Examined here are the
effects of polite... hiện toàn bộ
Previous work on teasing has examined the surface features of teasing
interactions and has suggested that responses to teases are generally serious
and are so because of the negative characterisations which are inherent in
teases. The present study uses an inferential/strategic model for examining the
social organisation of teases. Based on this analysis, it is argued that tease
responses are form... hiện toàn bộ