International Journal of Thermophysics

The two-dimensional problem of generalized thermoelasticity for a fiber-reinforced anisotropic thick plate under initial stress is studied in the context of the Lord and Shulman theory. The upper surface of the plate is thermally insulated with prescribed surface loading while the lower surface of the plate rests on a rigid foundation and temperature. The problem is solved numerically using a finite element method. Numerical results for the temperature distribution, and the displacement and stress components are given and illustrated graphically. It is found from the graphs that the initial stress significantly influences the variations of field quantities. The results obtained in this paper may offer a theoretical basis and meaningful suggestions for the design of various fiber-reinforced anisotropic thermoelastic elements under loading to meet special engineering requirements.

Material properties of liquid metals are inherently difficult to measure. Static measurements are difficult to make on most metals because of the typically high values of critical temperature and pressure, problems with sample-container contamination, and physical strength limits of high-pressure vessels. Data on thermophysical properties of metals are needed for a variety of applications, and measurements on most liquid metals are performed using dynamic techniques. Dynamic pulse heating experiments are typically performed on nanosecond to millisecond timescales, providing data that would not otherwise be obtainable. We use a resistive pulse heating method to reach high-temperature expanded liquid-metal states at a constant pressure. This technique can be used for a variety of metals and allows accurate data to be obtained over a wide range of temperature. Metallic wire-shaped samples (1×25 mm) are resistively heated in an inert gas atmosphere for a period of about 10−4 s by an almost-square current pulse (∼15×l03 A). Samples expand along an isobaric path, with remote diagnostics providing data on current, voltage, temperature, volume, and sound speed. These basic quantities are then used to calculate several derivative quantities. We report measurements of enthalpy, temperature, volume, electrical resistivity, and sound velocity of liquid platinum for temperatures from the melting point up to ∼5100 K.

The existing methods cannot effectively obtain the response signals generated by multiple defects of the pile body, which leads to the inaccuracy of the pile foundation integrity detection results, a high-rise building pile foundation integrity detection method based on the reflected wave method is proposed. The continuous wavelet transform coefficient is used to locate the defect position of pile foundation. Referring to the positioning results, according to the material density and cross-sectional area of pile foundation, the cross-sectional force and reflected wave velocity at the defect of pile foundation are calculated. Because the stress wave will be affected by the defect of pile foundation, and the fluctuation of stress wave will affect the amplitude and phase, it can be concluded that the section impedance is related to the cross-sectional force and velocity of reflection wave. According to this characteristic, the integrity of pile foundation of high-rise building is detected by the amplitude and phase characteristics of reflected wave signal. The results show that the design method can accurately determine the defects of pile foundation, accurately classify the integrity of pile body, and the integrity test results of the method can meet the relevant engineering standards, which verifies the effectiveness of the method.

A first-principles calculations have been performed based on density functional theory to study the thermal properties of copper. Calculations have been performed using the pseudo-potential method within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and local density approximation. Thermodynamic properties including the bulk modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, and heat capacities at constant volume and constant pressure were calculated as a function of pressure and temperature using three different models based on the quasi-harmonic approximation: the Debye–Slater model, the Debye–Grüneisen model, and the full quasi-harmonic model (that requires the phonon density of states at each calculated volume). Also, empirical energy corrections are applied to the results of the three models. The electronic contributions to the specific heat are calculated and discussed, and it was found that they become important at high temperatures. The calculated values are in good agreement with experimental results. It is found that the full quasi-harmonic model with the GGA approximation provides more accurate estimates in comparison with the other models.

This paper presents a procedure for predicting the equation of state of mercury, by including mercury in the scope of a new statistical mechanical equation of state that is known for normal fluids. The scaling constants are the latent heat of vaporization and the density at the melting temperature, which are related to the cohesive energy density. Since experimental data for the second virial coefficient of mercury are scarce, a corresponding-states correlation of normal fluids is used to calculate theB(T) of mercury. The free parameter of the ISM equation, λ, compensates for the uncertainties inB(T). Also, we can predict the values of two temperature-dependent parameters, α(T) andb(T), with satisfactory accuracy from a knowledge of ΔH vap andp m, without knowing any details of the intermolecular potentials. While the values ofB(T) are scarce for mercury and the vapor pressure of this metal at low temperatures is very small, an equation of state for mercury from two scaling parameters (ΔH vap,p m) predicts the density of Hg from the melting point up to 100° above the boiling temperature to within 5%.

Vapor–liquid equilibria of mixtures of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane with ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, and ethylene glycol were studied. Ideal behavior in the ethylenediamine and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane mixture was observed. Ethanolamine and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane form an azeotrope with a minimum boiling point whereas ethylene glycol and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane form an azeotrope with a maximum boiling point. Non-ideal behavior of the mixtures was described by the NRTL equation, and the corresponding constants were calculated.

The critical energy characteristics of cooled composite superconductors is analytically predicted based on the one-dimensional hyperbolic heat conduction model. The temperature dependence of the Ohmic heat generation, the finite speed of heat transfer, and the finite duration and finite length of the thermal disturbances are taken into account in the present model. The critical energies are calculated using a model based on the analytical solution of the hyperbolic heat conduction equation by the Laplace transformation method. The computational model results show that the critical energy depends on the relaxation time and disturbance duration. It is found that the hyperbolic conduction model predicts a lower-critical energy as compared to the predictions of the parabolic heat conduction model.

We extend the linear response-like derivation of the generalized Navier-Stokes equation to non-Newtonian flows with rate of strain-dependent transport coefficients. We derive a time correlation function expression for the viscosity tensor and point out possible ambiguities in the operational definitions of viscosity coefficients. Our analysis is specific to a suspension of polar, rod-like ferromagnetic particles. A commentary is included about the approximations that lead from the time correlation function and the molecular definition of the viscosity tensor to the standard, Brownian dynamics model used in the theoretical rheology of suspensions. Some theoretical difficulties and logical inconsistencies are pointed out. Preliminary results for the transport coefficients of dilute suspension of magnetic rod-like particles are presented.

Hemp based composites have been preferred in insulation applications in the last decade, especially thanks to it is superior thermophysical properties. These composites consist of natural material and are widely bonded with lime plaster. Therefore, it is accepted as an environmentally friendly material. In this study, various composites containing different types and sizes of hemp hurd particles were produced and the relation of the thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity to the unit weight of these composites was experimentally investigated. In addition to the experimental measurements on the produced composites, particle morphology of the hemp hurds was examined by SEM images. One of the main objectives of this research is to develop a new method in the evaluation of hemp based composites by investigating the relationships between the tests. For this purpose, Wenner probe method was applied for the first time in hemp based composites. Results revealed that the electrical resistivity measurements can be used to estimate the thermal performance of hemp based composites as soon as they produced. Unit weights varied between 350 kg·m−3 and 700 kg·m−3 while thermal conductivity coefficients were obtained in a range from 0.09 W·(m·K)−1 to 0.18 W·(m·K)−1.