VirologyEpidemiologyPublic Health, Environmental and Occupational HealthMedicine (miscellaneous)
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Eurosurveillance aims to be the authoritative and representative public health voice of the communicable disease community in Europe and beyond. Our main focus is on Europe, and authors from other parts of the world are encouraged to submit articles, provided that they add value to a European audience. Our main objectives are to: provide facts and guidance for health professionals and decision-makers to facilitate the implementation of effective prevention and control measures; support the preparedness and response to health threats in Europe through the rapid dissemination of high-quality authoritative scientific information on relevant outbreaks or emergency situations; provide a European-specific platform for health professionals to share scientific findings in infectious disease epidemiology, prevention and control; disseminate surveillance data on communicable diseases and publish analyses and interpretations of these data; offer, where possible, assistance to authors from all European Union countries in improving the impact and quality of national information on communicable diseases.
Dimitrios Paraskevis, Georgios K. Nikolopoulos, Chrissa Tsiara, Dimitra Paraskeva, Anastasia Antoniadou, Marios Lazanas, P. Gargalianos, Mina Psychogiou, Meni Malliori, Jenny Kremastinou, Angelos Hatzakis
A significant increase (more than 10-fold) in the number of newly diagnosed HIV-1 infections among injecting drug users (IDUs) was observed in Greece during the first seven months of 2011. Molecular epidemiology results revealed that a large proportion (96%) of HIV-1 sequences from IDUs sampled in 2011 fall within phylogenetic clusters suggesting high levels of transmission networking. Cases originated from diverse places outside Greece supporting the potential role of immigrant IDUs in the initiation of this outbreak.
Heli Harvala, Jennifer Mehew, Matthew Robb, Samreen Ijaz, Steve Dicks, Monika Patel, Nicholas A. Watkins, Peter Simmonds, Tim Brooks, Rachel Johnson, Robin Gopal, David J. Roberts, Maria Zambon
Serological reactivity was analysed in plasma from 436 individuals with a history of disease compatible with COVID-19, including 256 who had been laboratory-confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Over 99% of laboratory-confirmed cases developed a measurable antibody response (254/256) and 88% harboured neutralising antibodies (226/256). Antibody levels declined over 3 months following diagnosis, emphasising the importance of the timing of convalescent plasma collections. Binding antibody measurements can inform selection of convalescent plasma donors with high neutralising antibody levels.
Esther Kissling, Marta Valenciano, José Marinho Falcão, Amparo Larrauri, Katarina Widgren, Daniela Piţigoi, Beatrix Oroszi, Baltazar Nunes, Camelia Savulescu, A Mazick, Emilia Lupulescu, B C Ciancio, Alain Moren
Within I-MOVE (European programme to monitor seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE)) five countries conducted IVE pilot case-control studies in 2008-9. One hundred and sixty sentinel general practitioners (GP) swabbed all elderly consulting for influenza-like illness (ILI). Influenza confirmed cases were compared to influenza negative controls. We conducted a pooled analysis to obtain a summary IVE in the age group of ≥65 years.
We measured IVE in each study and assessed heterogeneity between studies qualitatively and using the I2 index. We used a one-stage pooled model with study as a fixed effect. We adjusted estimates for age-group, sex, chronic diseases, smoking, functional status, previous influenza vaccinations and previous hospitalisations.
The pooled analysis included 138 cases and 189 test-negative controls. There was no statistical heterogeneity (I2=0) between studies but ILI case definition, previous hospitalisations and functional status were slightly different. The adjusted IVE was 59.1% (95% CI: 15.3-80.3%). IVE was 65.4% (95% CI: 15.6-85.8%) in the 65-74, 59.6% (95% CI: -72.6 -90.6%) in the age group of ≥75 and 56.4% (95% CI: -0.2-81.3%) for A(H3). Pooled analysis is feasible among European studies. The variables definitions need further standardisation. Larger sample sizes are needed to achieve greater precision for subgroup analysis. For 2009-10, I-MOVE will extend the study to obtain early IVE estimates in groups targeted for pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccination.
Ruben H. de Kleine, Willem S. Lexmond, Gustav Buescher, Ekkehard Sturm, D A Kelly, Ansgar W. Lohse, Dominic Lenz, Marianne Hørby Jørgensen
To detect potential concern about severe acute hepatitis in children, we conducted a survey among 50 ERN RARE-LIVER centres. By 26 April 2022, 34 centres, including 25 transplant centres, reported an estimated median of 3–5, 0–2 and 3–5 cases in 2021, 2020 and 2019 and a mean of 2 (range: 0–8) cases between January and April 2022 (mean in 10 large liver transplant centres: 3). Twelve centres reported suspicion of an increase, but no rise.
G Gault, F X Weill, P Mariani-Kurkdjian , N Jourdan-da Silva, L King, B Aldabe, M Charron, N Ong, C Castor, M Macé, E Bingen, H Noël, V Vaillant, A Bone, B Vendrely, Y Delmas, C Combe, R Bercion, E d'Andigné, M Desjardin, P Rolland, H de Valk
End of April 2020, French clinicians observed an increase in cases presenting with paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS). Nationwide surveillance was set up and demonstrated temporospatial association with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic for 156 reported cases as at 17 May: 108 were classified as confirmed (n = 79), probable (n = 16) or possible (n = 13) post-COVID-19 PIMS cases. A continuum of clinical features from Kawasaki-like disease to myocarditis was observed, requiring intensive care in 67% of cases.
Ira Gjenero-Margan, Borislav Aleraj, D. Krajcar, Vladimira Lesnikar, Ana Klobučar, Iva Pem-Novosel, Sanja Kurečić-Filipović, S Komparak, R Martić, S Đuričić, Ljiljana Betica–Radić, J Okmadžić, Tatjana Vilibić‐Čavlek, Andrea Babić‐Erceg, Branko Turković, Tatjana Avšič‐Županc, Ivan Radić, Miljenko Ljubic, K Šarac, Nikola Benić, Gordana Mlinarić‐Galinović
After information about a dengue case in Germany acquired in Croatia, health professionals and the public in Croatia were alerted to assess the situation and to enhance mosquito control, resulting in the diagnosis of a second case of autochthonous dengue fever in the same area and the detection of 15 persons with evidence of recent dengue infection. Mosquito control measures were introduced. The circumstances of dengue virus introduction to Croatia remain unresolved.
Guy La Ruche, Yvan Souarès, A. Armengaud, Françoise Peloux-Petiot, Pascal Delaunay, Laurence Briant, Annick Lenglet, Frédéric Jourdain, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, F. Charlet, Laurence Ollier, K. Mantey, Thomas Mollet, Jean‐Pascal Fournier, Romain Torrents, Katrin Leitmeyer, P Hilairet, H. Zeller, Wim Van Bortel, Dominique Dejour-Salamanca, Marc Grandadam, M. Gastellu-Etchegorry
In September 2010, two cases of autochthonous dengue fever were diagnosed in metropolitan France for the first time. The cases occurring in Nice, south-east France, where Aedes albopictus is established, are evidence of dengue virus circulation in this area. This local transmission of dengue calls for further enhanced surveillance, active case finding and vector control measures to reduce the spread of the virus and the risk of an epidemic.
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