Có nhiều bằng chứng cho thấy kiến thức chuyên môn dưới dạng các sơ đồ là yếu tố chính phân biệt các chuyên gia với những người mới trong kỹ năng giải quyết vấn đề. Bằng chứng cho thấy hoạt động giải quyết vấn đề truyền thống không hiệu quả trong việc tiếp thu sơ đồ cũng đang gia tăng. Người ta cho rằng một lý do chính cho sự không hiệu quả của giải quyết vấn đề như một công cụ học tập là d...... hiện toàn bộ
A theory of analogy must describe how the meaning of an analogy is derived from the meanings of its parts. In the structure‐mapping theory, the interpretation rules are characterized as implicit rules for mapping knowledge about a base domain into a target domain. Two important features of the theory are (a) the rules depend only on syntactic properties of the knowledge representation, and...... hiện toàn bộ
Functional and mechanistic comparisons are made between several network models of cognitive processing: competitive learning, interactive activation, adaptive resonance, and back propagation. The starting point of this comparison is the article of Rumelhart and Zipser (1985) on feature discovery through competitive learning. All the models which Rumelhart and Zipser (1985) have described w...... hiện toàn bộ
AbstractWe present statistical analyses of the large‐scale structure of 3 types of semantic networks: word associations, WordNet, and Roget's Thesaurus. We show that they have a small‐world structure, characterized by sparse connectivity, short average path lengths between words, and strong local clustering. In addition, the distributions of the number of connectio...... hiện toàn bộ
A new diagnostic modeling system for automatically synthesizing a deep‐structure model of a student's misconceptions or bugs in his basic mathematical skills provides a mechanism for explaining why a student is making a mistake as opposed to simply identifying the mistake. This report is divided into four sections: The first provides examples of the problems that...... hiện toàn bộ
Kenneth R. Koedinger, Albert T. Corbett, Charles A. Perfetti
AbstractDespite the accumulation of substantial cognitive science research relevant to education, there remains confusion and controversy in the application of research to educational practice. In support of a more systematic approach, we describe the Knowledge‐Learning‐Instruction (KLI) framework. KLI promotes the emergence of instructional principles of high pote...... hiện toàn bộ
We review the major phenomena of skilled typing and propose a model for the control of the hands and fingers during typing. The model is based upon an Activation‐Trigger‐Schema system in which a hierarchical structure of schemata directs the selection of the letters to be typed and, then, controls the hand and finger movements by a cooperative, relaxation algorithm. The interactions of the...... hiện toàn bộ
Ara Norenzayan, Edward E. Smith, Beom Jun Kim, Richard E. Nisbett
AbstractThe authors examined cultural preferences for formal versus intuitive reasoning among East Asian (Chinese and Korean), Asian American, and European American university students. We investigated categorization (Studies 1 and 2), conceptual structure (Study 3), and deductive reasoning (Studies 3 and 4). In each study a cognitive conflict was activated between...... hiện toàn bộ
AbstractWhen learning a new math concept, should learners be first taught the concept and its associated procedures and then solve problems, or solve problems first even if it leads to failure and then be taught the concept and the procedures? Two randomized‐controlled studies found that both methods lead to high levels of procedural knowledge. However, students wh...... hiện toàn bộ