Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy
SCOPUS (1993-2023)SSCI-ISI
1063-3995
1099-0879
Anh Quốc
Cơ quản chủ quản: John Wiley and Sons Ltd , WILEY
Các bài báo tiêu biểu
The objective of the present study was to construct and validate a short‐form version of the Self‐Compassion Scale (SCS). Two Dutch samples were used to construct and cross‐validate the factorial structure of a 12‐item Self‐Compassion Scale–Short Form (SCS–SF). The SCS‐SF was then validated in a third, English sample. The SCS–SF demonstrated adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha ≥ 0.86 in all samples) and a near‐perfect correlation with the long form SCS (
• The 12‐item Self‐Compassion Scale–Short Form (SCS–SF) in Dutch and English offers an economical alternative to the long Self‐Compassion Scale (SCS) to measure self‐compassion. Although the original long form of the SCS is reduced to half, the SCS–SF is reliable and has the same factorial structure as the original scale.
Compassionate mind training (CMT) was developed for people with high shame and self‐criticism, whose problems tend to be chronic, and who find self‐warmth and self‐acceptance difficult and/or frightening. This paper offers a short overview of the role of shame and self‐criticism in psychological difficulties, the importance of considering different types of affect system (activating versus soothing) and the theory and therapy process of CMT. The paper explores patient acceptability, understanding, abilities to utilize and practice compassion focused processes and the effectiveness of CMT from an uncontrolled trial. Six patients attending a cognitive–behavioural‐based day centre for chronic difficulties completed 12 two‐hour sessions in compassionate mind training. They were advised that this was part of a research programme to look at the process and effectiveness of CMT and to become active collaborators, advising the researchers on what was helpful and what was not. Results showed significant reductions in depression, anxiety, self‐criticism, shame, inferiority and submissive behaviour. There was also a significant increase in the participants' ability to be self‐soothing and focus on feelings of warmth and reassurance for the self. Compassionate mind training may be a useful addition for some patients with chronic difficulties, especially those from traumatic backgrounds, who may lack a sense of inner warmth or abilities to be self‐soothing. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The objective of the study was to assess the reliability and validity of a retrospective self‐report measure of potential traumatic experiences among psychiatric outpatients. The range of evaluated experiences includes emotional neglect and abuse. Participants completed the Traumatic Experiences Checklist (TEC) (
Basic research has shown that the motoric system (i.e., motor actions or stable postures) can strongly affect emotional processes. The present study sought to investigate the effects of sitting posture on the tendency of depressed individuals to recall a higher proportion of negative self‐referent material. Thirty currently depressed inpatients either sat in a slumped (depressed) or in an upright (non‐depressed) posture while imagining a visual scene of themselves in connection with positive or depression related words presented to them on a computer screen. An incidental recall test of these words was conducted after a distraction task. Results of a mixed ANOVA showed a significant posture x word type interaction, with upright‐sitting patients showing unbiased recall of positive and negative words but slumped patients showing recall biased towards more negative words. The findings indicate that relatively minor changes in the motoric system can affect one of the best‐documented cognitive biases in depression. Practical implications of the findings are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Features of patients' motoric system (i.e., habitual movement patterns or body postures) might be relevant for individual case conceptualization. Training patients to change habitual motoric patterns (e.g., dysfunctional posture or movement patterns) might attenuate negatively biased information processing in depressed patients. Training patients in mindful body awareness might be useful because it fosters an intuitive understanding of the interplay of bodily and emotional processes.
This qualitative study explored the process of help‐seeking and therapy among clients with religious or spiritual beliefs. Ten clients who were currently in, or had recently finished, therapy were interviewed. Participants reported using their religious or spiritual beliefs to cope with their psychological problems before and during therapy. Prior to therapy, they were worried that secular‐based help might weaken their faith. However, the experience of having psychological distress and the process of receiving therapy were both perceived as strengthening to faith and ultimately part of a spiritual journey. Contrary to expectations, a match between the spirituality or religious affiliation of the therapist and client was not considered important. This implies that the ‘religiosity gap’ between secular therapists and clients with religious/spiritual beliefs is bridgeable. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Although positive emotion research has begun to flourish, the extremes and potential costs of positive emotion remain understudied. This is an ideal clinical model for studying the ways in which positive emotions are disrupted in bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is characterized by extreme bouts of expansive and persistent positive feelings. This paper reviews recent experimental studies, selectively examining positive emotion, in individuals at risk for, and diagnosed with, bipolar disorder. As an extension of this body of work, I present an account of positive emotion disturbance in bipolar disorder, referred to as positive emotion persistence. Implications are discussed for the study of bipolar disorder and positive emotion that follow. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understand mechanisms underlying bipolar disorder. Identification of positive emotion as an important target foci in bipolar disorder. Application of affective science methods and theory to conceptualize the etiology and maintenance of mood disorders.
We examined the role of baseline patient characteristics as predictors of outcome (end‐state functioning, response and remission) and attrition for cognitive therapy (CT) in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Beyond socio‐demographic and clinical variables such as symptom severity and comorbidity status, previously neglected patient characteristics (e.g., personality, self‐esteem, shame, interpersonal problems and attachment style) were analysed.
Data came from the CT arm of a multicentre RCT with
Up to 37% of the post‐treatment variance (LSAS) could be explained by all pre‐treatment variables combined. Symptom severity (baseline LSAS) was consistently negatively associated with end‐state functioning and remission, but not with response. Number of comorbid diagnoses was negatively associated with end‐state functioning and response, but not with remission. Self‐esteem was positively associated with higher end‐state functioning and more shame with better response. Attrition could not be significantly predicted.
The results indicate that the initial probability for treatment success mainly depends on severity of disorder and comorbid conditions while other psychological variables are of minor importance, at least on a nomothetic level. This stands in contrast with efforts to arrive at an empirical‐based foundation for differential indication and argues to search for more potent moderators of therapeutic change rather on the process level.
Personality, self‐esteem, shame, attachment style and interpersonal problems do not or only marginally moderate the effects of interventions in CT of social phobia. Symptom severity and comorbid diagnoses might affect treatment outcome negatively. Beyond these two factors, most patients share a similar likelihood of treatment success when treated according to the manual by Clark and Wells.
Emotion‐focused therapy (EFT) has increasingly made use of case conceptualization. The current paper presents a development in the case conceptualization approach of EFT. It takes inspiration from recent research on emotion transformation in EFT. The case conceptualization presented here can guide the therapist in listening to the client's narrative and in observing the client's emotional presentation in sessions. Through observing regularities, the therapist can tentatively determine core emotion schemes' organizations, triggers that bring about the emotional pain, the client's self‐treatment that contributes to the pain, the fear of emotional pain that drives avoidance and emotional interruption strategies. The framework recognizes global distress, into which the client falls, as a result of his or her inability to process the underlying pain, the underlying core pain and the unmet needs embedded in it. This conceptual framework then informs therapists as to which self‐organizations (compassion and protective anger based) have to be facilitated to respond to the pain and unmet needs, so that they might transform it. The conceptual framework can guide the therapist's thinking/perceptions and actions in the session. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Therapists can better facilitate emotional transformation when they understand the dynamics involved in the client's distress. Emotion transformation is facilitated by first helping the client to access the core underlying painful feelings and unmet needs embedded in them and then by helping the client to generate adaptive emotional responses to those unmet needs.
Body image disturbance is a central diagnostic criterion of anorexia nervosa (AN). To a great extent, previous studies have conceptualized body image disturbance as a relatively stable and trait‐like characteristic of the patient. There is, however, growing evidence that body images fluctuate in different situations and contexts. The aim of the present study was to explore which everyday contexts that patients with AN themselves associate with fluctuations in body image. Thirty‐two women (20–35 years) who had been diagnosed with AN (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) within the last year participated. Semi‐open and focused qualitative interviews were conducted, transcribed and analyzed using Grounded Theory techniques. The results suggest that body image is a dynamic phenomenon that may fluctuate in different situations and contexts. The participants linked such fluctuations to their own uncertainty about their real appearance. In lack of a stable and integrated experience of their own body, they were extremely sensitive towards body image threats and challenges in their daily life and reacted to these situations by fluctuations in their body image. Four contextual cues were found to trigger such changes in body image: these were eating food, being reminded of one's body appearance, relating to one's own emotional signals and interpreting other people's expressed and unexpressed opinions about oneself and one's appearance. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Individuals with anorexia nervosa may have quite varied body image experiences in different contexts. The contexts identified in this study may be a point of departure for clinicians in helping their patients to explore their subjective body image experiences and to connect these with emotional, cognitive and relational contexts in a psychologically meaningfully way.
There has been limited research on therapeutic alliance in the context of therapist‐assisted Internet‐delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) when delivered in clinical practice. The present study investigated therapeutic alliance in ICBT delivered to patients seeking treatment for symptoms of depression (
This research demonstrated that therapeutic alliance ratings were very strong at both mid‐ and post‐treatment among patients who received Internet‐delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) for depression or anxiety in clinical practice. Among patients receiving ICBT for depression, lower ratings of therapeutic alliance were associated with patients reporting concurrent treatment by a psychiatrist and with the receipt of fewer phone calls and emails from the therapist. Among patients receiving ICBT for generalized anxiety, ratings of alliance were higher when patients were treated by registered providers as compared to graduate students. Therapeutic alliance ratings did not predict outcome in ICBT for depression or anxiety. Practitioners have reason to be confident that a therapeutic relationship can be formed in ICBT when delivered in clinical practice.