BioEssays
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The free‐radical damage theory: Accumulating evidence against a simple link of oxidative stress to ageing and lifespan
BioEssays - Tập 33 Số 4 - Trang 255-259 - 2011
AbstractRecent work on a small European cave salamander (Proteus anguinus) has
revealed that it has exceptional longevity, yet it appears to have unexceptional
defences against oxidative damage. This paper comes at the end of a string of
other studies that are calling into question the free‐radical damage theory of
ageing. This theory rose to prominence in the 1990s as the dominant theory for
why ...
The IRS‐signalling system during insulin and cytokine action
BioEssays - Tập 19 Số 6 - Trang 491-500 - 1997
AbstractThe discovery of the first intracellular substrate for insulin, IRS‐1,
redirected the field of diabetes research and has led to many important advances
in our understanding of insulin action. Detailed analysis of IRS‐1 demonstrates
structure/function relationships for this modular docking molecule, including
mechanisms of substrate recognition and signal propagation. Recent work has also
i...
MYST family histone acetyltransferases take center stage in stem cells and development
BioEssays - Tập 31 Số 10 - Trang 1050-1061 - 2009
AbstractAcetylation of histones is an essential element regulating chromatin
structure and transcription. MYST (Moz, Ybf2/Sas3, Sas2, Tip60) proteins form
the largest family of histone acetyltransferases and are present in all
eukaryotes. Surprisingly, until recently this protein family was poorly studied.
However, in the last few years there has been a substantial increase in interest
in the MYST...
Tyrosine phosphorylation and cadherin/catenin function
BioEssays - Tập 19 Số 10 - Trang 883-891 - 1997
AbstractCadherin‐mediated cell‐cell adhesion is perturbed in protein tyrosine
kinase (PTK)‐transformed cells. While cadherins themselves appear to be poor PTK
substrates, their cytoplasmic binding partners, the Arm catenins, are excellent
PTK substrates and therefore good candidates for mediating PTK‐induced changes
in cadherin behavior. These proteins, p120ctn, β‐catenin and plakoglobin, bind
to ...
Going malignant: the hypoxia‐cancer connection in the prostate
BioEssays - Tập 24 Số 8 - Trang 749-757 - 2002
AbstractThe metabolic organization of both normal and malignant prostate
cellular phenotypes involves some unusual and surprising features. In
particular, both conditions exhibit ratios of NADH/NAD+ and NADPH/NADP+
charactersitic of high oxidative states despite a chronic shortage of O2 in both
conditions. In this paper, we observe that, in prostate cancer cells, the
oxidizing power of the fatty a...
DNA turnover and mutation in resting cells
BioEssays - Tập 19 Số 4 - Trang 347-352 - 1997
AbstractThere is growing evidence that mutations can arise in non‐dividing cells
(both bacterial and mammalian) in the absence of chromosomal replication. The
processes that are involved are still largely unknown but may include two
separate mechanisms. In the first, DNA lesions resulting from the action of
endogenous mutagens may give rise to RNA transcripts with miscoded bases. If
these confer t...
Methionine or not methionine at the beginning of a protein
BioEssays - Tập 3 Số 1 - Trang 27-31 - 1985
AbstractMethionine aminopeptidases with a universal specificity have been
revealed from the sequences of the amino‐terminal region of mutant forms of
yeast iso‐1‐cytochrome c and from a systematic examination of the literature for
amino‐terminal sequences formed at initiation sites. The aminopeptidase removes
amino‐terminal residues of methionine when they precede certain amino acids,
with a speci...
Translational control during early development
BioEssays - Tập 13 Số 4 - Trang 179-183 - 1991
AbstractEarly development in many animals is programmed by maternally inherited
messenger RNAs. Many of these mRNAs are translationally dormant in immature
oocytes, but are recruited onto polysomes during meiotic maturation,
fertilization, or early embryogenesis. In contrast, other mRNAs that are
translated in oocytes are released from polysomes during these later stages of
development. Recent stu...
How did bacterial ancestors reproduce? Lessons from L‐form cells and giant lipid vesicles
BioEssays - Tập 34 Số 12 - Trang 1078-1084 - 2012
AbstractIn possible scenarios on the origin of life, protocells represent the
precursors of the first living cells. To study such hypothetical protocells,
giant vesicles are being widely used as a simple model. Lipid vesicles can
undergo complex morphological changes enabling self‐reproduction such as growth,
fission, and extra‐ and intravesicular budding. These properties of vesicular
systems may...
Dlg, Scribble and Lgl in cell polarity, cell proliferation and cancer
BioEssays - Tập 25 Số 6 - Trang 542-553 - 2003
AbstractDlg (Discs large), Scrib (Scribble) and Lgl (Lethal giant larvae) are
evolutionarily conserved components of a common genetic pathway that link the
seemingly disparate functions of cell polarity and cell proliferation in
epithelial cells. dlg, scrib and lgl have been identified as tumour suppressor
genes in Drosophila, mutations of which cause similar phenotypes, involving
disruption of ce...
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