Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism
1715-5312
1715-5320
Canada
Cơ quản chủ quản: National Research Council of Canada , Canadian Science Publishing
Lĩnh vực:
PhysiologyPhysiology (medical)Nutrition and DieteticsEndocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismSports ScienceMedicine (miscellaneous)
Phân tích ảnh hưởng
Thông tin về tạp chí
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism publishes original research articles, reviews, and commentaries, focussing on the application of physiology, nutrition, and metabolism to the study of human health, physical activity, and fitness. The published research, reviews, and symposia will be of interest to exercise physiologists, physical fitness and exercise rehabilitation specialists, public health and health care professionals, as well as basic and applied physiologists, nutritionists, and biochemists.
Các bài báo tiêu biểu
Physical literacy improves with the Run Jump Throw Wheel program among students in grades 4–6 in southwestern Ontario The purpose of this study was to determine whether the introduction of a fundamental movement skills (FMS) program to grade 4–6 physical education (PE) classes could improve students’ physical literacy (PL) and influence the amount of effort exerted in PE class. Athletics Canada’s grassroots Run Jump Throw Wheel (RJTW) Program was delivered for 10 weeks during PE classes (2 schools: four grade 4, four grade 5, two grade 6, one split grade 5–6 class, and one split grade 6–7 class, totalling 310 students). Participants completed the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy (CAPL) and wore heart rate monitors and pre- and postintervention. The CAPL score increased 3.3 (±8.8) points from the pretest to the post-test (t = 6.47, p < 0.001). Improvements were not significantly different by grade or gender, but those in the suburban-area school improved more so than those attending the rural-area school (F[1,294] = 4.82, p < 0.004). Among those participants that increased their PL (n = 186), the CAPL scores increased by 8.6 (±5.9) points versus those that decreased (n = 110; –5.6 ± 4.8 points), F[1,294] = 452.11, p < 0.001. No significant differences in time spent in physical activity were observed between the pre- and post-test (i.e., 17.0 ± 7.0 min and 19.3 ± 7.0 min, respectively, t = 1.70, p = 0.091). The RJTW program increased participants’ overall FMS, as well as their knowledge and understanding regarding these FMS, both key components of PL.
Tập 44 Số 6 - Trang 645-649 - 2019
Breaking up prolonged sitting time with walking does not affect appetite or gut hormone concentrations but does induce an energy deficit and suppresses postprandial glycaemia in sedentary adults Breaking up periods of prolonged sitting can negate harmful metabolic effects but the influence on appetite and gut hormones is not understood and is investigated in this study. Thirteen sedentary (7 female) participants undertook three 5-h trials in random order: (i) uninterrupted sitting (SIT), (ii) seated with 2-min bouts of light-intensity walking every 20 min (SIT + LA), and (iii) seated with 2-min bouts of moderate-intensity walking every 20 min (SIT + MA). A standardised test drink was provided at the start of each trial and an ad libitum pasta test meal provided at the end of each trial. Subjective appetite ratings and plasma acylated ghrelin, peptide YY, insulin, and glucose were measured at regular intervals. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for each variable. AUC values for appetite and gut hormone concentrations were unaffected in the activity breaks conditions compared with uninterrupted sitting (linear mixed modelling: p > 0.05). Glucose AUC was lower in SIT + MA than in SIT + LA (p = 0.004) and SIT (p = 0.055). There was no difference in absolute ad libitum energy intake between conditions (p > 0.05); however, relative energy intake was lower in SIT + LA (39%; p = 0.011) and SIT + MA (120%; p < 0.001) than in SIT. In conclusion, breaking up prolonged sitting does not alter appetite and gut hormone responses to a meal over a 5-h period. Increased energy expenditure from activity breaks could promote an energy deficit that is not compensated for in a subsequent meal.
Tập 41 Số 3 - Trang 324-331 - 2016
Treatment with marine collagen peptides modulates glucose and lipid metabolism in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus This study was aimed at examining the therapeutic effects of marine collagen peptides (MCPs) from fish hydrolysate in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 100 diabetic patients and 50 healthy controls were recruited. Diabetic patients were randomized into treatment and control groups. The patients in the treatment group received an additional 13 g of MCPs daily for 3 months. Their blood samples were collected before, and 1.5 and 3 months after, treatment to evaluate glucose and lipid metabolism. The levels of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), nitric oxide (NO), bradykinin, prostacyclin (PGI2 ), and adipokines were determined. Significantly reduced levels of fasting blood glucose, human glycated hemoglobin A1c (GHbA1c), fasting blood insulin, total triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and free-fatty acids, but increased levels of insulin sensitivity index and HDL were observed in T2DM patients following treatment with MCPs for 1.5 and 3 months. The values of these measures were significantly lower or higher than those of patient controls (p < 0.01), respectively. Interestingly, significantly decreased levels of hs-CRP and NO, but increased levels of bradykinin, PGI2 , and adiponectin were detected in MCP-treated T2DM patients (p < 0.01), as compared with their basal values or the levels in patient controls. MCP treatment improved glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic patients.
Tập 35 Số 6 - Trang 797-804 - 2010
Letter to the Editor: Standardized use of the terms “sedentary” and “sedentary behaviours”
Tập 37 Số 3 - Trang 540-542 - 2012
Physiological and health implications of a sedentary lifestyle Sedentary behaviour is associated with deleterious health outcomes, which differ from those that can be attributed to a lack of moderate to vigorous physical activity. This has led to the field of “sedentary physiology”, which may be considered as separate and distinct from exercise physiology. This paper gives an overview of this emerging area of research and highlights the ways that it differs from traditional exercise physiology. Definitions of key terms associated with the field of sedentary physiology and a review of the self-report and objective methods for assessing sedentary behaviour are provided. Proposed mechanisms of sedentary physiology are examined, and how they differ from those linking physical activity and health are highlighted. Evidence relating to associations of sedentary behaviours with major health outcomes and the population prevalence and correlates of sedentary behaviours are reviewed. Recommendations for future research are proposed.
Tập 35 Số 6 - Trang 725-740 - 2010
Characteristics of metabolically obese normal-weight (MONW) subjects The existence of a subgroup of normal-weight individuals displaying obesity-related phenotypic characteristics was first proposed in 1981. These individuals were identified as metabolically obese but normal weight (MONW). It was hypothesized that these individuals might be characterized by hyperinsulinemia and (or) insulin resistance, as well as by hypertriglyceridemia and high blood pressure despite having a body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2 . Such characteristics could confer upon MONW subjects a higher cardiovascular risk; however, scientific data on MONW subjects are scarce since only 9 publications are directly related to this topic. Despite differences in the criteria for identifying MONW subjects and the small number of subjects involved in most of these studies, their consistent results indicate that: (i) the prevalence of the MONW syndrome ranges between 5% and 45%, depending on the criteria used, age, BMI, and ethnicity; (ii) when compared with control subjects, MONW subjects display an altered insulin sensitivity, a higher abdominal and visceral adiposity, a more atherogenic lipid profile, a higher blood pressure, and a lower physical activity energy expenditure; and (iii) MONW subjects are at higher risks for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
Tập 32 Số 1 - Trang 4-12 - 2007
New Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology (CSEP), in cooperation with ParticipACTION and other stakeholders, and with support from the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), has developed the new Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines for Children (aged 5–11 years), Youth (aged 12–17 years), Adults (aged 18–64 years), and Older Adults (aged ≥65 years). The new guidelines include a preamble to provide context and specific guidelines for each age group. The entire guideline development process was guided by the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument, which is the international standard for clinical practice guideline development. Thus, the guidelines have gone through a rigorous and transparent developmental process; we based the recommendations herein on evidence from 3 systematic reviews, and the final guidelines benefitted from an extensive online and in-person consultation process with hundreds of stakeholders and key informants, both domestic and international. Since 2006, the products of our efforts resulted in the completion of 21 peer-reviewed journal articles (including 5 systematic reviews) that collectively guided this work. The process that Canadian researchers undertook to update the national physical activity guidelines represents the most current synthesis, interpretation, and application of the scientific evidence to date.
Tập 36 Số 1 - Trang 36-46 - 2011
Adipokines as regulators of muscle metabolism and insulin sensitivityThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled 14th International Biochemistry of Exercise Conference – Muscles as Molecular and Metabolic Machines, and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process. Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue responsible for the insulin-stimulated disposal of glucose. However, identifying the link between excess body fat and impaired insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle has been difficult. Several adipose-derived cytokines (adipokines) have been implicated in the impairment of insulin sensitivity, while adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin exert an insulin-sensitizing effect. Leptin and adiponectin have each been shown to increase fatty acid (FA) oxidation and decrease triglyceride storage in muscle, which may explain, in part, the insulin-sensitizing effect of these cytokines. Recent evidence strongly implicates an increased localization of the FA transporters to the plasma membrane (PM) as an important factor in the accumulation of intramuscular lipids with high-fat diets and obesity. Perhaps suprisingly, relatively little attention has been paid to the ability of insulin-sensitizing compounds, such as leptin and adiponectin, to decrease the abundance of FA transporters in the PM, thereby decreasing lipid accumulation. In the case of both adipokines, there is also evidence that a resistance to their ability to stimulate FA oxidation in skeletal muscle develops during obesity. One of our recent studies indicates that this development can be very rapid (i.e., within days), and precedes the increase in lipid uptake and accumulation that leads to insulin resistance. It is noteworthy that leptin resistance can be modulated by both diet and training in rodents. Further studies examing the underlying mechanisms of the development of leptin and adiponectin resistance are warranted.
Tập 34 Số 3 - Trang 396-402 - 2009
Exercise and taurine in inflammation, cognition, and peripheral markers of blood-brain barrier integrity in older women Immunosenescence contribute to increase the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, leading cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. Thus, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of exercise and taurine supplementation on peripheral markers of BBB, inflammation, and cognition of elderly women. Forty-eight elderly women (age, 83.58 ± 6.9 years) participated in the study, and were allocated into combined exercise training (CET: n = 13), taurine supplementation (TAU: n = 12), exercise training associated with taurine (CET+TAU: n = 11), or control (CG: n = 12) groups. Exercise was applied twice a week (multi-modal exercise). Taurine ingestion was 1.5 g., once a day. Participants were evaluated before and after 14-weeks of intervention. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and serum concentration of S100β and neuron specific enolase (NSE) were determined. The mini mental state examination (MMSE) was also applied. Concentrations of S100β were maintained in all intervention groups, while a subtle increase in the CG was found. NSE levels increased only in TAU group (p < 0.05). CET reduced TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β/IL-1ra, IL-6/IL10, and TNF-α/IL-10 ratios (p < 0.05). TAU decreased the IL-1β/IL-1ra ratio (p < 0.05). MMSE score increased only in the CET+TAU group (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that there was a trend for changes in IL-1β and the Charlson Comorbidity Index to be independently associated with changes in S100β. Exercise and taurine decreased inflammation, and maintained the BBB integrity in elderly women. Exercise emerged as an important tool to improve brain health even when started at advanced ages.
Tập 43 Số 7 - Trang 733-741 - 2018
It is time to revisit current dietary recommendations for saturated fat The extent to which a high intake of saturated fat (SFA) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become a highly controversial topic. Dietary SFA primarily raises low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, while having a relatively neutral impact on other key CVD risk factors. Recent epidemiological data also challenge the concept that SFA increases the risk of CVD. This short review provides arguments for the urgency to re-assess the association between dietary SFA and CVD risk in light of recent data on the subject.
Tập 39 Số 12 - Trang 1409-1411 - 2014