American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Effect of thiazolidinediones and metformin on LDL oxidation and aortic endothelium relaxation in diabetic GK rats
American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism - Tập 284 Số 6 - Trang E1125-E1130 - 2003
Kaoruko Iida, Yasushi Kawakami, Masatsune Suzuki, Hitoshi Shimano, Hideo Toyoshima, Hirohito Sone, Kazunori Shimada, Yoshitaka Iwama, Yoshirô Watanabe, Hiroshi Mokuno, Katsuo Kamata, Nobuhiro Yamada
In this study, using GK diabetic rats, we compared the effects of three insulin sensitizers on lipid oxidation and the aortic relaxation response. Eight-week-old rats were treated for 4 wk with either troglitazone or pioglitazone, both of which are thiazolidinediones, or with metformin. Despite the fact that only troglitazone has a similarity in structure to α-tocopherol, a potent antioxi...... hiện toàn bộ
Obesity-related elevations in plasma leucine are associated with alterations in enzymes involved in branched-chain amino acid metabolism
American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism - Tập 293 Số 6 - Trang E1552-E1563 - 2007
Pengxiang She, Cynthia Van Horn, Tanya Reid, Susan M. Hutson, Robert N. Cooney, Christopher J. Lynch
Elevations in branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in human obesity were first reported in the 1960s. Such reports are of interest because of the emerging role of BCAAs as potential regulators of satiety, leptin, glucose, cell signaling, adiposity, and body weight (mTOR and PKC). To explore loss of catabolic capacity as a potential contributor to the obesity-related rises in BCAAs, we assess...... hiện toàn bộ
Effects of calcium on protein turnover of incubated muscles from mdx mice
American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism - Tập 260 Số 4 - Trang E594-E598 - 1991
P A MacLennan, Anne McArdle, R. H. T. Edwards
Mdx mice have a genetic defect similar to that which causes Duchenne muscular dystrophy in humans. The influence of calcium on muscle protein metabolism of mdx and wild type (C57BL/10) mice was examined in vitro. Incubation of mdx muscles in a medium containing calcium at a concentration of 2.0 mM (but not 0.2 mM) resulted in proteolytic rates that were greater than those of C57BL/10 musc...... hiện toàn bộ
Delayed-rectifier (KV2.1) regulation of pancreatic β-cell calcium responses to glucose: inhibitor specificity and modeling
American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism - Tập 289 Số 4 - Trang E578-E585 - 2005
Natalia A. Tamarina, Andrey V. Kuznetsov, Leonid E. Fridlyand, Louis H. Philipson
The delayed-rectifier (voltage-activated) K+conductance (KV) in pancreatic islet β-cells has been proposed to regulate plasma membrane repolarization during responses to glucose, thereby determining bursting and Ca2+oscillations. Here, we verified the expression of KV2.1 channel protein in mouse and human i...... hiện toàn bộ
Mice deleted for GPAT3 have reduced GPAT activity in white adipose tissue and altered energy and cholesterol homeostasis in diet-induced obesity
American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism - Tập 306 Số 10 - Trang E1176-E1187 - 2014
Jingsong Cao, Sylvie Perez, Bryan Goodwin, Qingcong Lin, Haibing Peng, Ariful Qadri, Yingjiang Zhou, Ronald W. Clark, Mylène Perreault, James F. Tobin, Ruth E. Gimeno
Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs) catalyze the first step in the synthesis of glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids. Microsomal GPAT, the major GPAT activity, is encoded by at least two closely related genes, GPAT3 and GPAT4. To investigate the in vivo functions of GPAT3, we generated Gpat3-deficient ( Gpat3−/−) mice. Total GPAT activity in white adipose t...... hiện toàn bộ
Efficacy of a single sequence of intermittent bright light pulses for delaying circadian phase in humans
American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism - Tập 287 Số 1 - Trang E174-E181 - 2004
Claude Gronfier, Kenneth P. Wright, Richard E. Kronauer, Megan E. Jewett, Charles A. Czeisler
It has been shown in animal studies that exposure to brief pulses of bright light can phase shift the circadian pacemaker and that the resetting action of light is most efficient during the first minutes of light exposure. In humans, multiple consecutive days of exposure to brief bright light pulses have been shown to phase shift the circadian pacemaker. The aim of the present study was t...... hiện toàn bộ
O-glycosylation of Sp1 and transcriptional regulation of the calmodulin gene by insulin and glucagon
American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism - Tập 285 Số 3 - Trang E584-E591 - 2003
Gipsy Majumdar, Ashley Harmon, Rosalind P. Candelaria, Antonio Martinez-Hernandez, Rajendra Raghow, Solomon S. Solomon
Both insulin and glucagon stimulate steady-state levels of Sp1 transcription factor, but only insulin stimulates transcription of the calmodulin (CaM) gene in liver. Because O-glycosylation of Sp1 by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine ( O-GlcNAc) is thought to regulate its ability to activate transcription, we assayed the levels of Sp1 with anti-Sp1 and anti- O-GlcNAc antibodies in Western blots...... hiện toàn bộ
High glucose and insulin promoteO-GlcNAc modification of proteins, including α-tubulin
American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism - Tập 284 Số 2 - Trang E424-E434 - 2003
Jennie Walgren, Timothy S. Vincent, Kevin L. Schey, Maria G. Buse
Increased flux through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway has been implicated in the development of glucose-induced insulin resistance and may promote the modification of certain proteins with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine ( O-GlcNAc). L6 myotubes (a model of skeletal muscle) were incubated for 18 h in 5 or 25 mM glucose with or without 10 nM insulin. As assessed by immunoblotting with an ...... hiện toàn bộ
Cross-talk between GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation: roles in insulin resistance and glucose toxicity
American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism - Tập 295 Số 1 - Trang E17-E28 - 2008
Ronald J. Copeland, John Bullen, Gerald W. Hart
O-linked β- N-acetylglucosamine ( O-GlcNAc) is a dynamic posttranslational modification that, analogous to phosphorylation, cycles on and off serine and/or threonine hydroxyl groups. Cycling of O-GlcNAc is regulated by the concerted actions of O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase. GlcNAcylation is a nutrient/stress-sensitive modification that regulates proteins involved in a wide array of ...... hiện toàn bộ
Chronically elevated plasma C-type natriuretic peptide level stimulates skeletal growth in transgenic mice
American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism - Tập 297 Số 6 - Trang E1339-E1348 - 2009
Takei Kake, Hidetomo Kitamura, Yuichiro Adachi, Tetsuro Yoshioka, Tomoyuki Watanabe, Hiroaki Matsushita, Toshihito Fujii, Eri Kondo, Takanori Tachibe, Yosuke Kawase, Kou-ichi Jishage, Akihiro Yasoda, Masashi Mukoyama, Kazuwa Nakao
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) plays a critical role in endochondral ossification through guanylyl cyclase-B (GC-B), a natriuretic peptide receptor subtype. Cartilage-specific overexpression of CNP enhances skeletal growth and rescues the dwarfism in a transgenic achondroplasia model with constitutive active mutation of fibroblast growth factor receptor-3. For future clinical applicatio...... hiện toàn bộ
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