American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism
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Correction of diet-induced hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and skeletal muscle insulin resistance by moderate hyperleptinemiaHuman obesity and high fat feeding in rats are associated with the development of insulin resistance and perturbed carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It has been proposed that these metabolic abnormalities may be reversible by interventions that increase plasma leptin. Up to now, studies in nongenetic animal models of obesity and in human obesity have concentrated on multiple injection the... ... hiện toàn bộ
American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism - Tập 278 Số 3 - Trang E563-E569 - 2000
Temporal gradients in shear stimulate osteoblastic proliferation via ERK1/2 and retinoblastoma protein Bone cells are subject to interstitial fluid flow (IFF) driven by venous pressure and mechanical loading. Rapid dynamic changes in mechanical loading cause transient gradients in IFF. The effects of pulsatile flow (temporal gradients in fluid shear) on rat UMR106 cells and rat primary osteoblastic cells were studied. Pulsatile flow induced a 95% increase in S-phase UMR106 cells compared w... ... hiện toàn bộ
American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism - Tập 283 Số 2 - Trang E383-E389 - 2002
IL-6 enhances plasma IL-1ra, IL-10, and cortisol in humansThe purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that a transient increase in plasma IL-6 induces an anti-inflammatory environment in humans. Therefore, young healthy volunteers received a low dose of recombinant human (rh)IL-6 or saline for 3 h. Plasma IL-6 levels during rhIL-6 infusion were ∼140 pg/ml, corresponding to the levels obtained during strenuous exercise. The infusio... ... hiện toàn bộ
American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism - Tập 285 Số 2 - Trang E433-E437 - 2003
Composition and function of macroencapsulated human embryonic stem cell-derived implants: comparison with clinical human islet cell grafts β-Cells generated from large-scale sources can overcome current shortages in clinical islet cell grafts provided that they adequately respond to metabolic variations. Pancreatic (non)endocrine cells can develop from human embryonic stem (huES) cells following in vitro derivation to pancreatic endoderm (PE) that is subsequently implanted in immune-incompetent mice for further differentiati... ... hiện toàn bộ
American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism - Tập 307 Số 9 - Trang E838-E846 - 2014
Induction of stearoyl-CoA desaturase protects human arterial endothelial cells against lipotoxicityEndothelial lipotoxicity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple stages of cardiovascular disease from early endothelial dysfunction to manifest atherosclerosis and its complications. Saturated free fatty acids are the major inducers of endothelial cell apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines. In humans, the enzyme human stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (hSCD-1) is the limiting step of t... ... hiện toàn bộ
American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism - Tập 295 Số 2 - Trang E339-E349 - 2008
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 deficiency reduces ceramide synthesis by downregulating serine palmitoyltransferase and increasing β-oxidation in skeletal muscleStearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) has recently been shown to be a critical control point of lipid partitioning and body weight regulation. Lack of SCD1 function significantly increases insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscles and corrects the hypometabolic phenotype of leptin-deficient ob/ ob mice, indicating the direct antilipotoxic action of SCD1 deficiency. The mechanism underlying the metab... ... hiện toàn bộ
American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism - Tập 288 Số 3 - Trang E599-E607 - 2005
Nitration of specific tyrosines in FoF1ATP synthase and activity loss in agingIt has been reported that C-nitration of proteins occurs under nitrative/oxidative stress; however, its role in pathophysiological situations is not fully understood. In this study, we determined that nitration of Tyr345 and Tyr368 in the β-subunit of the mitochondrial Fo F1 -ATPase is a major target for nitrat... ... hiện toàn bộ
American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism - Tập 298 Số 5 - Trang E978-E987 - 2010
Metallothionein prevents diabetes-induced cardiac pathological changes, likely via the inhibition of succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid coenzyme A transferase-1 nitration at Trp374We previously demonstrated that metallothionein (MT)-mediated protection from diabetes-induced pathological changes in cardiac tissues is related to suppression of superoxide generation and protein nitration. The present study investigated which diabetes-nitrated protein(s) mediate the development of these pathological changes by identifying the panel of nitrated proteins present in diabet... ... hiện toàn bộ
American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism - Tập 304 Số 8 - Trang E826-E835 - 2013
The other side of the orexins: endocrine and metabolic actions Although it is clear that the orexin/hypocretin peptides have a significant, physiologically relevant role in sleep/wakefulness, a broader picture has emerged indicating metabolic actions that may depend upon both neural and endocrine mechanisms for their manifestation. The ability of exogenous peptide to activate sympathetic tone, increase locomotor activity, and alter feeding behavior, ... ... hiện toàn bộ
American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism - Tập 284 Số 1 - Trang E13-E17 - 2003
Human duodenal enteroendocrine cells: source of both incretin peptides, GLP-1 and GIPAmong the products of enteroendocrine cells are the incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1, secreted by L cells) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP, secreted by K cells). These are key modulators of insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis, and gastric emptying. Because of the rapid early rise of GLP-1 in plasma after oral glucose, we wished to definitively establish the abs... ... hiện toàn bộ
American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism - Tập 290 Số 3 - Trang E550-E559 - 2006
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