American Journal of Agricultural Economics
1467-8276
0002-9092
Anh Quốc
Cơ quản chủ quản: John Wiley & Sons Inc. , WILEY
Lĩnh vực:
Economics and EconometricsAgricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)
Các bài báo tiêu biểu
Welfare Evaluations in Contingent Valuation Experiments with Discrete Responses Abstract Since the work of Bishop and Heberlein, a number of contingent valuation experiments have appeared involving discrete responses which are analyzed by logit or similar techniques. This paper addresses the issues of how the logit models should be formulated to be consistent with the hypothesis of utility maximization and how measures of compensating and equivalent surplus should be derived from the fitted models. Two distinct types of welfare measures are introduced and then estimated from Bishop and Heberlein's data.
Tập 66 Số 3 - Trang 332-341 - 1984
Statistical Efficiency of Double‐Bounded Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation Abstract The statistical efficiency of conventional dichotomous choice contingent valuation surveys can be improved by asking each respondent a second dichotomous choice question which depends on the response to the first question—if the first response is “yes,” the second bid is some amount greater than the first bid; while, if the first response is “no,” the second bid is some amount smaller. This “double‐bounded” approach is shown to be asymptotically more efficient than the conventional, “singlebounded” approach. Using data from a survey of Californians regarding their willingness to pay for wetlands in the San Joaquin Valley, we show that, in a finite sample, the gain in efficiency can be very substantial.
Tập 73 Số 4 - Trang 1255-1263 - 1991
Attitudes Toward Risk: Experimental Measurement in Rural India Abstract Attitudes toward risk were measured in 240 households using two methods: an interview method eliciting certainty equivalents and an experimental gambling approach with real payoffs which, at their maximum, exceeded monthly incomes of unskilled laborers. The interview method is subject to interviewer bias and its results were totally inconsistent with the experimental measures of risk aversion. Experimental measures indicate that, at high payoff levels, virtually all individuals are moderately risk‐averse with little variation according to personal characteristics. Wealth tends to reduce risk aversion slightly, but its effect is not statistically significant.
Tập 62 Số 3 - Trang 395-407 - 1980
Production Function Estimation and Related Risk Considerations Abstract There has been considerable interest in estimations of input effects on the probability distribution of output. Most empirical and theoretical analyses utilize multiplicative stochastic specifications which are analyzed and found unduly restrictive, particularly since inputs that marginally reduce risk are not allowed. A more general stochastic specification is proposed, free of these a priori restrictions. The proposed functional form estimation is discussed and demonstrated with nitrogen‐response data and common log‐linear production functions. Though nitrogen is risk‐increasing, the marginal variance contribution is smaller when compared to estimates based upon multiplicative specification. Finally, stochastic specification error effects are analyzed.
Tập 61 Số 2 - Trang 276-284 - 1979
Contingent Valuation and Social Choice Abstract The contingent valuation method for estimating the existence value of natural resources is examined for psychophysical robustness, statistical reliability, and economic sensibility. Extensions of standard models for willingness‐to‐pay, and suitable econometric techniques for analyzing these models, are developed. The analysis is applied to a series of experiments on the value of preserving wilderness areas in the western United States. The results call into question the reliability of the CV method for estimating existence values.
Tập 76 Số 4 - Trang 689-708 - 1994
The Impact of Regulations on Agricultural Trade: Evidence from the SPS and TBT Agreements Abstract According to World Trade Organization rules, countries may adopt regulations under the Agreements on Sanitary and Phyto‐Sanitary (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT). We analyze the structure of these measures in agricultural trade. The inventory approach suggests that European countries have among the lowest coverage ratios of all OECD countries. Using a gravity equation, we also estimate their stringency. Our results suggest that they significantly reduce developing countries' exports to OECD countries, but do not affect trade between OECD members. Furthermore, European imports are more negatively influenced by SPS and TBTs than imports of other OECD countries.
Tập 90 Số 2 - Trang 336-350 - 2008
Weak Disposability in Nonparametric Production Analysis with Undesirable Outputs Weak disposability of outputs means that firms can abate harmful emissions by decreasing the activity level. Modeling weak disposability in nonparametric production analysis has caused some confusion. This article identifies a dilemma in these approaches: conventional formulations implicitly and unintentionally assume all firms apply uniform abatement factors. However, it is usually cost‐effective to abate emissions in those firms where the marginal abatement costs are lowest. This article presents a simple formulation of weak disposability that allows for non‐uniform abatement factors and preserves the linear structure of the model.
Tập 87 Số 4 - Trang 1077-1082 - 2005
Productivity Effects of Indigenous Land Tenure Systems in Sub‐Saharan Africa Abstract This article uses household survey data from Ghana, Kenya, and Rwanda to test if the indigenous land rights systems in sub‐Saharan Africa are a constraint on agricultural productivity. Rights which farmers hold over individual parcels of land vary widely, and are in many cases surprisingly privatized. Yet with few exceptions, land rights are not found to be a significant factor in determining investments in land improvements, use of inputs, access to credit, or the productivity of land. These results cast doubt on the need for ambitious land registration and titling programs at this time.
Tập 75 Số 1 - Trang 10-19 - 1993
A Linear Alternative to Quadratic and Semivariance Programming for Farm Planning under Uncertainty Abstract Quadratic decision criteria for farm planning are theoretically appealing but difficult to handle computationally. This paper reviews the advantages of the quadratic approach and develops a linear alternative which, while retaining most of the desired features of the quadratic models, can be readily solved on conventional linear programming codes with the parametric option.
Tập 53 Số 1 - Trang 53-62 - 1971