Advanced Science
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Decreased Abundance of <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> Leads to the Impairment of Insulin Secretion and Glucose Homeostasis in Lean Type 2 Diabetes Abstract Although obesity occurs in most of the patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), a fraction of patients with T2D are underweight or have normal weight. Several studies have linked the gut microbiome to obesity and T2D, but the role of gut microbiota in lean individuals with T2D having unique clinical characteristics remains unclear. A metagenomic and targeted metabolomic analysis is conducted in 182 lean and abdominally obese individuals with and without newly diagnosed T2D. The abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila ) significantly decreases in lean individuals with T2D than without T2D, but not in the comparison of obese individuals with and without T2D. Its abundance correlates inversely with serum 3β ‐chenodeoxycholic acid (β CDCA) levels and positively with insulin secretion and fibroblast growth factor 15/19 (FGF15/19) concentrations. The supplementation with A. muciniphila is sufficient to protect mice against high sucrose‐induced impairment of glucose intolerance by decreasing β CDCA and increasing insulin secretion and FGF15/19. Furthermore, β CDCA inhibits insulin secretion and FGF15/19 expression. These findings suggest that decreased abundance of A. muciniphila is linked to the impairment of insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis in lean T2D, paving the way for new therapeutic options for the prevention or treatment of diabetes.
Advanced Science - Tập 8 Số 16 - 2021
Injectable Hydrogels for Cardiac Tissue Repair after Myocardial Infarction Cardiac tissue damage due to myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The available treatments of MI include pharmaceutical therapy, medical device implants, and organ transplants, all of which have severe limitations including high invasiveness, scarcity of donor organs, thrombosis or stenosis of devices, immune rejection, and prolonged hospitalization time. Injectable hydrogels have emerged as a promising solution for in situ cardiac tissue repair in infarcted hearts after MI. In this review, an overview of various natural and synthetic hydrogels for potential application as injectable hydrogels in cardiac tissue repair and regeneration is presented. The review starts with brief discussions about the pathology of MI, its current clinical treatments and their limitations, and the emergence of injectable hydrogels as a potential solution for post MI cardiac regeneration. It then summarizes various hydrogels, their compositions, structures and properties for potential application in post MI cardiac repair, and recent advancements in the application of injectable hydrogels in treatment of MI. Finally, the current challenges associated with the clinical application of injectable hydrogels to MI and their potential solutions are discussed to help guide the future research on injectable hydrogels for translational therapeutic applications in regeneration of cardiac tissue after MI.
Advanced Science - Tập 2 Số 11 - 2015
Label‐Free and Regenerative Electrochemical Microfluidic Biosensors for Continual Monitoring of Cell Secretomes Development of an efficient sensing platform capable of continual monitoring of biomarkers is needed to assess the functionality of the in vitro organoids and to evaluate their biological responses toward pharmaceutical compounds or chemical species over extended periods of time. Here, a novel label‐free microfluidic electrochemical (EC) biosensor with a unique built‐in on‐chip regeneration capability for continual measurement of cell‐secreted soluble biomarkers from an organoid culture in a fully automated manner without attenuating the sensor sensitivity is reported. The microfluidic EC biosensors are integrated with a human liver‐on‐a‐chip platform for continual monitoring of the metabolic activity of the organoids by measuring the levels of secreted biomarkers for up to 7 d, where the metabolic activity of the organoids is altered by a systemically applied drug. The variations in the biomarker levels are successfully measured by the microfluidic regenerative EC biosensors and agree well with cellular viability and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay analyses, validating the accuracy of the unique sensing platform. It is believed that this versatile and robust microfluidic EC biosensor that is capable of automated and continual detection of soluble biomarkers will find widespread use for long‐term monitoring of human organoids during drug toxicity studies or efficacy assessments of in vitro platforms.
Advanced Science - Tập 4 Số 5 - 2017
Hierarchical Micro‐Nano Sheet Arrays of Nickel–Cobalt Double Hydroxides for High‐Rate Ni–Zn Batteries Abstract The rational design of nickel‐based cathodes with highly ordered micro‐nano hierarchical architectures by a facile process is fantastic but challenging to achieve for high‐capacity and high‐rate Ni–Zn batteries. Herein, a one‐step etching–deposition–growth process is demonstrated to prepare hierarchical micro‐nano sheet arrays for Ni–Zn batteries with outstanding performance and high rate. The fabrication process is conducted at room temperature without any need of heating and stirring, and the as‐grown nickel–cobalt double hydroxide (NiCo‐DH) supported on conductive nickel substrate is endowed with a unique 3D hierarchical architecture of micro‐nano sheet arrays, which empower the effective exposure of active materials, easy electrolyte access, fast ion diffusion, and rapid electron transfer. Benefiting from these merits in combination, the NiCo‐DH electrode delivers a high specific capacity of 303.6 mAh g−1 and outstanding rate performance (80% retention after 20‐fold current increase), which outperforms the electrodes made of single Ni(OH)2 and Co(OH)2 , and other similar materials. The NiCo‐DH electrode, when employed as the cathode for a Ni–Zn battery, demonstrates a high specific capacity of 329 mAh g−1 . Moreover, the NiCo‐DH//Zn battery also exhibits high electrochemical energy conversion efficiency, excellent rate capability (62% retention after 30‐fold current increase), ultrafast charge characteristics, and strong tolerance to the high‐speed conversion reaction.
Advanced Science - Tập 6 Số 8 - 2019
Computational Insights into Materials and Interfaces for Capacitive Energy Storage Supercapacitors such as electric double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs) and pseudocapacitors are becoming increasingly important in the field of electrical energy storage. Theoretical study of energy storage in EDLCs focuses on solving for the electric double‐layer structure in different electrode geometries and electrolyte components, which can be achieved by molecular simulations such as classical molecular dynamics (MD), classical density functional theory (classical DFT), and Monte‐Carlo (MC) methods. In recent years, combining first‐principles and classical simulations to investigate the carbon‐based EDLCs has shed light on the importance of quantum capacitance in graphene‐like 2D systems. More recently, the development of joint density functional theory (JDFT) enables self‐consistent electronic‐structure calculation for an electrode being solvated by an electrolyte. In contrast with the large amount of theoretical and computational effort on EDLCs, theoretical understanding of pseudocapacitance is very limited. In this review, we first introduce popular modeling methods and then focus on several important aspects of EDLCs including nanoconfinement, quantum capacitance, dielectric screening, and novel 2D electrode design; we also briefly touch upon pseudocapactive mechanism in RuO2 . We summarize and conclude with an outlook for the future of materials simulation and design for capacitive energy storage.
Advanced Science - Tập 4 Số 7 - 2017
Therapeutic Remodeling of the Tumor Microenvironment Enhances Nanoparticle Delivery Abstract A major challenge in the development of cancer nanomedicine is the inability for nanomaterials to efficiently penetrate and deliver therapeutic agents into solid tumors. Previous studies have shown that tumor vasculature and extracellular matrix regulate the transvascular and interstitial transport of nanoparticles, both critical for successfully delivering nanomedicine into solid tumors. Within the malignant tumor microenvironment, blood vessels are morphologically abnormal and functionally exhibit substantial permeability. Furthermore, the tumor extracellular matrix (ECM), unlike that of the normal tissue parenchyma, is densely packed with collagen. These pathophysiological properties greatly impede intratumoral delivery of nanomaterials. By using an antivascular endothelial growth factor receptor antibody, DC101, and an antitransforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) antibody, normalization of the tumor vasculature and ECM is achieved, respectively, in a syngeneic murine glioma model. This normalization effect results in a more organized vascular network, improves tissue perfusion, and reduces collagen density, all of which contribute to enhanced nanoparticle delivery and distribution within tumors. These findings suggest that combined vascular and ECM normalization strategies can be used to remodel the tumor microenvironment and improve nanomedicine delivery into solid tumors, which has significant implications for developing more effective combinational therapeutic strategies using cancer nanomedicine.
Advanced Science - Tập 6 Số 5 - 2019
Adipocyte‐Derived Exosomal MTTP Suppresses Ferroptosis and Promotes Chemoresistance in Colorectal Cancer Abstract Obesity is closely related to a poor prognosis in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC), but the mechanisms remain unclear. Ferroptosis is a form of nonapoptotic cell death characterized by lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and iron dependency and is associated with the chemoresistance of tumors. Here, it is shown that adipose‐derived exosomes reduce ferroptosis susceptibility in CRC, thus promoting chemoresistance to oxaliplatin. It is found that microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) expression is increased in the plasma exosomes of CRC patients with a high body fat ratio, serving as an inhibitor of ferroptosis and reducing sensitivity to chemotherapy. Mechanistically, the MTTP/proline‐rich acidic protein 1 (PRAP1) complex inhibited zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 1 expression and upregulated glutathione peroxidase 4 and xCT, leading to a decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio and lipid ROS levels. Moreover, experiments are carried out in organoids, and a tumor implantation model is established in obese mice, demonstrating that the inhibition of MTTP increases the sensitivity to chemotherapy. The results reveal a novel intracellular signaling pathway mediated by adipose‐derived exosomes and suggest that treatments targeting secreted MTTP might reverse oxaliplatin resistance in CRC.
Advanced Science - Tập 9 Số 28 - 2022
Battery‐Supercapacitor Hybrid Devices: Recent Progress and Future Prospects Design and fabrication of electrochemical energy storage systems with both high energy and power densities as well as long cycling life is of great importance. As one of these systems, Battery‐supercapacitor hybrid device (BSH) is typically constructed with a high‐capacity battery‐type electrode and a high‐rate capacitive electrode, which has attracted enormous attention due to its potential applications in future electric vehicles, smart electric grids, and even miniaturized electronic/optoelectronic devices, etc. With proper design, BSH will provide unique advantages such as high performance, cheapness, safety, and environmental friendliness. This review first addresses the fundamental scientific principle, structure, and possible classification of BSHs, and then reviews the recent advances on various existing and emerging BSHs such as Li‐/Na‐ion BSHs, acidic/alkaline BSHs, BSH with redox electrolytes, and BSH with pseudocapacitive electrode, with the focus on materials and electrochemical performances. Furthermore, recent progresses in BSH devices with specific functionalities of flexibility and transparency, etc. will be highlighted. Finally, the future developing trends and directions as well as the challenges will also be discussed; especially, two conceptual BSHs with aqueous high voltage window and integrated 3D electrode/electrolyte architecture will be proposed.
Advanced Science - Tập 4 Số 7 - 2017
Multi‐Material 3D and 4D Printing: A Survey Abstract Recent advances in multi‐material 3D and 4D printing (time as the fourth dimension) show that the technology has the potential to extend the design space beyond complex geometries. The potential of these additive manufacturing (AM) technologies allows for functional inclusion in a low‐cost single‐step manufacturing process. Different composite materials and various AM technologies can be used and combined to create customized multi‐functional objects to suit many needs. In this work, several types of 3D and 4D printing technologies are compared and the advantages and disadvantages of each technology are discussed. The various features and applications of 3D and 4D printing technologies used in the fabrication of multi‐material objects are reviewed. Finally, new avenues for the development of multi‐material 3D and 4D printed objects are proposed, which reflect the current deficiencies and future opportunities for inclusion by AM.
Advanced Science - Tập 7 Số 12 - 2020
Highly Anisotropic GeSe Nanosheets for Phototransistors with Ultrahigh Photoresponsivity Abstract 2D GeSe possesses black phosphorous‐analog‐layered structure and shows excellent environmental stability, as well as highly anisotropic in‐plane properties. Additionally, its high absorption efficiency in the visible range and high charge carrier mobility render it promising for applications in optoelectronics. However, most reported GeSe‐based photodetectors show frustrating performance especially in photoresponsivity. Herein, a 2D GeSe‐based phototransistor with an ultrahigh photoresponsivity is demonstrated. Its optimized photoresponsivity can be up to ≈1.6 × 105 A W−1 . This high responsivity can be attributed to the highly efficient light absorption and the enhanced photoconductive gain due to the existence of trap states. The exfoliated GeSe nanosheet is confirmed to be along the [001] (armchair direction) and [010] (zigzag direction) using transmission electron microscopy and anisotropic Raman characterizations. The angle‐dependent electric and photoresponsive performance is systematically explored. Notably, the GeSe‐based phototransistor shows strong polarization‐dependent photoresponse with a peak/valley ratio of 1.3. Furthermore, the charge carrier mobility along the armchair direction is measured to be 1.85 times larger than that along the zigzag direction.
Advanced Science - Tập 5 Số 8 - 2018
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