H.J.G. Gundersen, Peter V. Bagger, Thomas Fichtner Bendtsen, Stephen M. Evans, Lise Korbo, Niels Marcussen, Arne Moeller, K Nielsen, J. R. Nyengaard, Bente Pakkenberg, Flemming Brandt Sørensen, A. Vesterby, Mark J. West
The new stereological methods for correct and efficient sampling and sizing of cells and other particles are reviewed. There is a hierarchy of methods starting from the simplest where even the microscopic magnification may be unknown to the most complex where typically both section thickness and the magnification must be known. Opticalsections in suitably modifie...... hiện toàn bộ
Srdjan Stepanović, Dragana Vuković, Veronika Holá, Giovanni Di Bonaventura, Slobodanka Djukić, Ivana Ćirković, Filip Růžička
The details of all steps involved in the quantification of biofilm formation in microtiter plates are described. The presented protocol incorporates information on assessment of biofilm production by staphylococci, gained both by direct experience as well as by analysis of methods for assaying biofilm production. The obtained results should simplify quantification of biofilm formation in m...... hiện toàn bộ
Acute infections caused by pathogenic bacteria have been studied extensively for well over 100 years. These infections killed millions of people in previous centuries, but they have been combated effectively by the development of modern vaccines, antibiotics and infection control measures. Most research into bacterial pathogenesis has focused on acute infections, but these diseases have no...... hiện toàn bộ
Cytokines represent the major factors involved in the communication between T cells, macrophages and other immune cells in the course of an immune response to antigens and infectious agents. A number of studies on mouse and human T helper (Th) clones have recently provided extensive evidence for the existence of different activities exhibited by Th cells (called Th1 and Th2), which was app...... hiện toàn bộ
Lipofuscin (age pigment) is a brown‐yellow, electron‐dense, autofluorescent material that accumulates progressively over time in lysosomes of postmitotic cells, such as neurons and cardiac myocytes. The exact mechanisms behind this accumulation are still unclear. This review outlines the present knowledge of age pigment formation, and considers possible mechanisms responsible for the incre...... hiện toàn bộ
When the FDA commissioner announced in February 2004 the approval of Avastin for the treatment of patients with colon cancer, he called angiogenesis inhibitors a fourth modality of anti‐cancer therapy. Because angiogenesis inhibitors are relatively less toxic than conventional chemotherapy and have a lower risk of drug resistance, they may also represent a new class of anti‐cancer agents, ...... hiện toàn bộ
Teeth are colonized by oral bacteria from saliva containing more than 700 different bacterial species. If removed regularly, the dental biofilm mainly comprises oral streptococci and is regarded as resident microflora. But if left undisturbed, a complex biofilm containing up to 100 bacterial species at a site will build up and may eventually cause development of disease. Depending on local...... hiện toàn bộ
Lactoferrin is an iron‐binding glycoprotein found in milk, exocrine secretions of mammals, and in secondary granules from polymorphonuclear neutrophils. This review describes the wide spectrum of functions ascribed to lactoferrin, with special emphasis on the antimicrobial properties of this protein, and its derived peptides.