Disparities at the intersection of marginalized groups

Social psychiatry - Tập 51 - Trang 1349-1359 - 2016
John W. Jackson1, David R. Williams2, Tyler J. VanderWeele1,3
1Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
2Department of Social and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
3Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA

Tóm tắt

Mental health disparities exist across several dimensions of social inequality, including race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status and gender. Most investigations of health disparities focus on one dimension. Recent calls by researchers argue for studying persons who are marginalized in multiple ways, often from the perspective of intersectionality, a theoretical framework applied to qualitative studies in law, sociology, and psychology. Quantitative adaptations are emerging but there is little guidance as to what measures or methods are helpful. Here, we consider the concept of a joint disparity and its composition, show that this approach can illuminate how outcomes are patterned for social groups that are marginalized across multiple axes of social inequality, and compare the insights gained with that of other measures of additive interaction. We apply these methods to a cohort of young men from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, examining disparities for black men with low early life SES vs. white men with high early life SES across several outcomes that predict mental health, including unemployment, wages, and incarceration. We report striking disparities in each outcome, but show that the contribution of race, SES, and their intersection varies.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Jackson PB, Williams DR (2006) The intersection of race, gender, and SES. In: Schulz Mullings (ed) Gender, race, class, & health: intersectional approaches. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco

Collins P (2015) Intersectionality’s Definitional Dilemnas. Annu Rev Sociol 41:1–20

Rothman KJ (1986) Modern epidemiology. Little Brown, Boston

Williams DR, Mohammed SA (2013) Racism and health I: pathways and scientific evidence. Am Behav Sci 57:1152

Wilson W (2010) Structural and cultural forces that contribute to racial inequality. More than just race: being black and poor in the inner city, W.W. Nortion & Company, Inc., New York

Auchinbaugh A, Gardecki RM (2007) Attrition in the National longitudinal survey of youth 1997. Tech Rep 1–18. https://fcsm.sites.usa.gov/files/2014/05/2007FCSM_Aughinbaugh-V-C.pdf. Accessed 9 Aug 2016