At the intersection of sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, and cervical cancer screening: Assessing Pap test use disparities by sex of sexual partners among black, Latina, and white U.S. women

ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins, 2003, ACOG practice Bulletin: clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists. Number 45, August 2003. Cervical cytology screening (replaces committee opinion 152, March 1995), Obstet. Gynecol., 102, 417, 10.1016/S0029-7844(03)00745-2 ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins, 2009, ACOG Practice Bulletin no. 109: cervical cytology screening, Obstet. Gynecol., 114, 1409, 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181c6f8a4 Agénor, 2014, Sexual orientation disparities in Papanicolaou test use among U.S. women: the role of sexual and reproductive health services, Am. J. Public Health, 104, e68, 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301548 Bauer, 2014, Incorporating intersectionality theory into population health research methodology: challenges and the potential to advance health equity, Soc. Sci. Med., 110, 10, 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.03.022 Bauer, 2001, Beyond assumptions of negligible risk: sexually transmitted diseases and women who have sex with women, Am. J. Public Health, 91, 1282, 10.2105/AJPH.91.8.1282 Bowleg, 2008, When black + lesbian + woman ≠ black lesbian woman: the methodological challenges of qualitative and quantitative intersectionality research, Sex Roles, 59, 312, 10.1007/s11199-008-9400-z Bowleg, 2012, The problem with the phrase women and minorities: intersectionality – an important theoretical framework for public health, Am. J. Public Health, 102, 1267, 10.2105/AJPH.2012.300750 Brown, 2008, Lesbians and cancer: an overlooked health disparity, Cancer Causes Control, 19, 1009, 10.1007/s10552-008-9176-z Celum, 1997, Patients attending STD clinics in an evolving health care environment: demographics, insurance coverage, preferences for STD services, and STD morbidity, Sex. Transm. Dis., 24, 599, 10.1097/00007435-199711000-00009 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013, Cervical cancer screening among women aged 18–30 years – United States, 2000–2010, Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep., 61, 1038 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013 Charlton, 2014, Influence of hormonal contraceptive use and health beliefs on sexual orientation disparities in Pap test use, Am. J. Public Health, 104, 319, 10.2105/AJPH.2012.301114 Charlton, 2011, Reproductive health screening disparities and sexual orientation in a cohort study of U.S. adolescent and young adult females, J. Adolesc. Health, 49, 505, 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.03.013 Chen, 1994, Differences in stage at presentation of breast and gynecologic cancers among blacks, whites, and Hispanics, Cancer, 73, 2838, 10.1002/1097-0142(19940601)73:11<2838::AID-CNCR2820731129>3.0.CO;2-A Chen, 2012, Cervical cancer screening in the United States, 1993–2010: characteristics of women who are never screened, J. Womens Health, 21, 1132, 10.1089/jwh.2011.3418 Cochran, 2001, Cancer-related risk indicators and preventive screening behaviors among lesbians and bisexual women, Am. J. Public Health, 91, 591, 10.2105/AJPH.91.4.591 Collins, 2000 Collins, 2004 Connell, 2012, Gender, health and theory: conceptualizing the issue, in local and world perspective, Soc. Sci. Med., 74, 1675, 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.06.006 Crenshaw, 1989, Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: a black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory, and antiracist politics, Univ. Chicago Leg. For., 139, 139 Crenshaw, 1991, Mapping the margins: intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color, Stanf. Law Rev., 43, 1241, 10.2307/1229039 Davis, 1983 DeNavas-Walt, 2013, P60 Diamant, 2000, Health behaviors, health status, and access to and use of health care: a population-based study of lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual women, Arch. Fam. Med., 9, 1043, 10.1001/archfami.9.10.1043 Fish, 2009 Frost, 2001, Public or private providers? U.S. women's use of reproductive health services, Fam. Plan. Perspect., 33, 4, 10.2307/2673736 Frost, 1997, The provision of public-sector services by family planning agencies in 1995, Fam. Plan. Perspect., 29, 6, 10.2307/2953347 Garner, 2003, Cervical cancer: disparities in screening, treatment, and survival, Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark., 12, 242s Hancock, 2007, When multiplication doesn't equal quick addition: examining intersectionality as a research paradigm, Perspect. Polit., 5, 63, 10.1017/S1537592707070065 Hankivsky, 2010, Exploring the promises of intersectionality for advancing women's health research, Int. J. Equity Health, 9, 1, 10.1186/1475-9276-9-5 Hing, 2011 hooks, 1981 hooks, 1992 Howlader, 2013 Kerker, 2006, Health care access and utilization among women who have sex with women: sexual behavior and identity, J. Urban Health, 83, 970, 10.1007/s11524-006-9096-8 Kerr, 2006, Preface, xix Krieger, 1994, Epidemiology and the web of causation: has anyone seen the spider?, Soc. Sci. Med., 39, 887, 10.1016/0277-9536(94)90202-X Krieger, 2001, A glossary for social epidemiology, J. Epidemiol. Commun. Health, 55, 693, 10.1136/jech.55.10.693 Krieger, 2001, Theories for social epidemiology in the 21st century: an ecosocial perspective, Int. J. Epidemiol., 30, 668, 10.1093/ije/30.4.668 Krieger, 2011 Krieger, 2014, Got theory? On the 21st c CE rise of explicit use of epidemiologic theories of disease distribution: a review and ecosocial analysis, Curr. Epidemiol. Rep., 1, 45, 10.1007/s40471-013-0001-1 Lepkowski, 2010, The 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth: sample design and analysis of a continuous survey, vol. 2, 1 Lindberg, 2006, Provision of contraceptive and related services by publicly funded family planning clinics, 2003, Perspect. Sex. Reprod. Health, 38, 139, 10.1363/3813906 Marrazzo, 2005, Dangerous assumptions: lesbians and sexual death, Sex. Transm. Dis., 32, 570, 10.1097/01.olq.0000175368.82940.61 Marrazzo, 2001, Papanicolaou test screening and prevalence of genital human papillomavirus among women who have sex with women, Am. J. Public Health, 91, 947, 10.2105/AJPH.91.6.947 Marrazzo, 2012, Emerging sexual health issues among women who have sex with women, Curr. Infect. Dis. Rep., 14, 204, 10.1007/s11908-012-0244-x Matthews, 2004, Correlates of underutilization of gynecology cancer screening among lesbian and heterosexual women, Prev. Med., 38, 105, 10.1016/j.ypmed.2003.09.034 Matthews, 2013, Breast and cervical cancer screening behaviors of African American sexual minority women, J. Gen. Pract., 1, 107, 10.4172/2329-9126.1000107 Mays, 2002, Heterogeneity of health disparities among African American, Hispanic, and Asian American women: unrecognized influences of sexual orientation, Am. J. Public Health, 92, 632, 10.2105/AJPH.92.4.632 National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program, 2014 National Cancer Institute, 2011 National Cancer Institute, 2014 National Center for Health Statistics, 2013 Newmann, 2005, Social inequities along the cervical cancer continuum: a structured review, Cancer Cause Control, 16, 63, 10.1007/s10552-004-1290-y Power, 2009, Absent sexual scripts: lesbian and bisexual women's knowledge, attitudes and action regarding safer sex and sexual health information, Cult. Health Sex., 11, 67, 10.1080/13691050802541674 Price, 1996, Perceptions of cervical cancer and Pap smear screening behavior by women's sexual orientation, J. Community Health, 21, 89, 10.1007/BF01682301 Rankow, 1995, Breast and cervical cancer among lesbians, Womens Health Issues, 5, 123, 10.1016/1049-3867(95)00042-3 Rauscher, 2008, Accuracy of self-reported cancer-screening histories: a meta-analysis, Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark., 17, 748, 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-2629 Roberts, 1998 Safaeian, 2007, Cervical cancer prevention—cervical screening: science in evolution, Obstet. Gynecol. Clin. N. Am., 34, 739, 10.1016/j.ogc.2007.09.004 Salganicoff, 2012, Medicaid's Role for Women Across the Lifespan: Current Issues and the Impact of the Affordable Care Act Siegel, 2013, Cancer statistics, 2013, CA Cancer J. Clin., 63, 11, 10.3322/caac.21166 Singh, 2009, Sexually transmitted infections and associated conditions among women who have sex with women, Open Infect. Dis. J., 3, 128, 10.2174/1874279301004010128 Singh, 2011, Socioeconomic, rural-urban, and racial inequalities in U.S. cancer mortality: part I—all cancers and lung cancer and part II-colorectal, prostate, breast, and cervical cancers, J. Cancer Epidemiol., 2011, 10.1155/2011/107497 Smith, 1998 St Lawrence, 2002, STD screening, testing, case reporting, and clinical and partner notification practices: a national survey of US physicians, Am. J. Public Health, 92, 1784, 10.2105/AJPH.92.11.1784 StataCorp, 2011 Stevens, 1998, The experiences of lesbians of color in health care encounters, J. Lesbian Stud., 2, 77, 10.1300/J155v02n01_06 The Combahee River Collective, 1986 Tracy, 2010, Barriers to cervical cancer screening among lesbians, J. Womens Health, 19, 229, 10.1089/jwh.2009.1393 Tracy, 2013, Understanding cervical cancer screening among lesbians: a national survey, BMC Public Health, 13, 442, 10.1186/1471-2458-13-442 Virnig, 2009, A matter of race: early- vs. late-stage cancer diagnosis, Health Aff., 28, 160, 10.1377/hlthaff.28.1.160 Ward, 2004, Cancer disparities by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status, CA Cancer J. Clin., 54, 78, 10.3322/canjclin.54.2.78 Weber, 2009 Wilson, 2011, Brief report: the relationship between multiple forms of oppression and subjective health among Black lesbian and bisexual women, J. Lesbian Stud., 15, 15, 10.1080/10894160.2010.508393