Cảm Giác Cô Đơn Ở Thanh Thiếu Niên Trong Đại Dịch COVID-19: Vai Trò Của Các Yếu Tố Rủi Ro Trước Đại Dịch

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 16 - Trang 617-639 - 2022
Hena Thakur1, Morgan Stutts1, Jae Wan Choi1, Jeff R. Temple2, Joseph R. Cohen1
1Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA
2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA

Tóm tắt

Đại dịch COVID-19 là một cuộc khủng hoảng sức khỏe tâm thần toàn cầu có ảnh hưởng không tương xứng đến thanh thiếu niên. Cảm giác cô đơn là một kết quả tâm lý xã hội đáng chú ý trong đại dịch mà cần được hiểu; tuy nhiên, nghiên cứu hiện tại về kết quả này còn hạn chế và chủ yếu mang tính chất cắt ngang. Để đáp ứng tình huống này, chúng tôi đã xem xét các yếu tố rủi ro trước đại dịch liên quan đến cảm giác cô đơn trong đại dịch. Hơn nữa, chúng tôi đã xem xét cách mà các rủi ro có thể khác nhau dựa trên các nhân khẩu học chính và liệu các mô hình trung gian hay điều chỉnh có thể giải thích tốt nhất về sự khác biệt tiềm tàng trong việc trải nghiệm cảm giác cô đơn. Dữ liệu khảo sát về sức khỏe tâm thần tự khai báo trước đại dịch, tiếp xúc với chấn thương và xung đột gia đình đã được thu thập ở Wave 1 từ một mẫu đa dạng gồm 369 thanh thiếu niên (54,5% nữ, 45,5% nam; 30,1% người da trắng; 30,9% người da đen; 18,4% người gốc Tây Ban Nha; tuổi trung bình = 15,04; độ lệch chuẩn tuổi = 1,10). Sau đó, trải nghiệm cảm giác cô đơn tự khai báo trong đại dịch đã được thu thập sau 6 tháng (tháng 4-tháng 6 năm 2020) và 12 tháng (tháng 10-tháng 12 năm 2020). Dựa trên khung phân tích hồi quy (tức là, PROCESS), chúng tôi đã kiểm tra (a) những yếu tố rủi ro nào trước đại dịch độc lập dự đoán cảm giác cô đơn trong tương lai và (b) liệu rủi ro về cảm giác cô đơn có tăng cao đối với những bản sắc nhất định (tức là, các mô hình trung gian) hay liệu những bản sắc nhất định nhạy cảm hơn với những rủi ro cụ thể (tức là, các mô hình điều chỉnh). Tổng thể, các triệu chứng trầm cảm và hung hăng trước đại dịch đã dự đoán cảm giác cô đơn sớm trong đại dịch (theo dõi sau 6 tháng), trong khi các triệu chứng lo âu đặc biệt dự đoán cảm giác cô đơn giữa đại dịch (theo dõi sau 12 tháng). Các yếu tố căng thẳng môi trường được điều chỉnh bởi giới tính, trong đó các nữ thanh niên có tiếp xúc với chấn thương trước đại dịch có khả năng cao hơn để báo cáo cảm giác cô đơn trong đại dịch. Hơn nữa, sự căng thẳng nội tâm trước đại dịch của các cô gái và các triệu chứng thể hiện bên ngoài của các cậu bé phản ánh các con đường cụ thể theo giới tính về cảm giác cô đơn. Các hệ lụy đối với việc phòng ngừa sức khỏe tâm thần trong bối cảnh các thảm họa quốc gia được thảo luận.

Từ khóa

#COVID-19 #cảm giác cô đơn #thanh thiếu niên #yếu tố rủi ro #sức khỏe tâm thần

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