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Context conditioning in virtual reality as a model for pathological anxiety
Tập 19 Số 3 - Trang 63-70 - 2013
Abstract Phobic fear which is triggered by specific stimuli can be modeled
experimentally through cue conditioning. In contrast, context conditioning may
serve as a model for anxiety which is longer lasting and unrelated to cues.
Such context conditioning can be studied in humans in analogy to animal studies
by using virtual reality (VR). Our VR context conditioning paradigm uses
virtual offi...
Neuronal circuits of fear memory and fear extinction
- 2013
Abstract The paradigm“eat or be eaten” has proven to be a critical guiding
element during the evolution of both humans and animals. This helps to explain
the fact that the ability to detect danger or a threat has been highly
conserved throughout evolution and thus exhibits a high degree of homology
between species. Studies in laboratory animals thereby enable the
identification of key neuroche...
Pain processing in multisensory environments
Tập 16 Số 2 - Trang 23-28 - 2010
Abstract “Don’t look and it won’t hurt” is common advice heard before receiving
an injection, but is there any truth in this statement? Pain processing can be
separated into two major components: a sensory-discriminative component, which
reflects the location and intensity of a painful event, and an
affective-motivational component that reflects the unpleasantness of pain. The
differentiatio...
Sniffing out social signals
Tập 16 Số 1 - Trang 9-16 - 2010
Abstract In most mammals, conspecific chemical communication strategies control
complex social and sexual behavior. Just a few years ago, our concept of how the
olfactory system is organized to ensure faithful transmission of social
information built on the rather simplistic assumption that two fundamentally
different classes of stimuli - ‘general’ odors versus ‘pheromones’ - are
exclusively...
Neurobiological research in psychiatry—classification of dimensions of learning mechanisms instead of reification of categories?
Tập 17 Số 4 - Trang 88-94 - 2011
Abstract Neuroscientific research in mental disorders is plagued by unclear
nosological boundaries, phenotypic diversity, and high intra- and
interindividual variability of identified neurobiological correlates. Likewise,
genotypes associated with an increased risk for, e.g., schizophrenia are
regularly found to also increase the risk for uni- and/or bipolar affective
disorders. Therefore, one ...
The melody of the immature brain
- 2013
Abstract The periodicity of brain activity became obvious even after the first
attempt to capture it, with Hans Berger noting in 1929 that the
“electroencephalogram represents a continuous curve with continuous
oscillations”. This rhythmicity of neural activity, the ‘melody’ of the brain,
has since gained interest as an energy-efficient strategy for the organisation
and communication both with...
The medial frontal cortex and the subjective control of behaviour
Tập 17 Số 4 - Trang 79-87 - 2011
Abstract The role of the cortex at the medial aspect of the frontal lobe for the
subjective control of behaviour has been elaborated in recent years. As
apparent from meta-analyses of functional imaging studies, the medial frontal
cortex accommodates critical nodes in a caudo-rostral gradient that are involved
in the evaluation of sensorimotor, empathic and abstract information. Brain
electrical...